Socio-Economic Inequalities in Reported Depression in Spain : A Decomposition Approach

Recent evidence questions some conventional view on the existence of income-related inequalities in depression suggesting in turn that other determinants might be in place, such as activity status and educational attainment. Evidence of socio-economic inequalities is especially relevant in countries such as Spain that have a limited coverage of mental health care and are regionally heterogeneous. This paper aims at measuring and explaining the degree of socio-economic inequality in reported depression in Spain. We employ linear probability models to estimate the concentration index and its decomposition drawing from 2003 edition of the Spanish National Health Survey, the most recent representative health survey in Spain. Our findings point towards the existence of avoidable inequalities in the prevalence of reported depression. However, besides pure income effects explaining 37% of inequality, economic activity status (28%), education (15%) and demographics (15%) play also a key encompassing role. Although high income implies higher resources to invest and cure (mental) illness, environmental factors influencing in peoples perceived social status act as indirect path as explaining the prevalence of depression. Finally, we find evidence of a gender effect, gender social-economic inequality in income is mainly avoidable.occupational status, education, socio-economic inequities in health, depression

Human capital as a factor of growth and employment at the regional level. The case of Spain

We use statistical techniques to quantify the effects of school attainment on individual wages, participation rates and employment probabilities in Spain, and to measure the contribution of education to labour productivity at the regional level. These estimates are then combined with data on private and public expenditure on education and with information on taxes and social benefits to construct measures of the private and social returns to schooling, to explore the effects of public policies on private incentives to invest in human capital, and to analyse the long-term effects of schooling on public finances. The results are used, together with estimates of the returns to alternative assets, to draw some tentative conclusions regarding the adequacy of the aggregate investment patterns observed in the regions of Spain, and to identify changes in the design of national and EU cohesion and growth policies that may help enhance their effectiveness.human capital, growth, employment, returns to schooling

The impact of naturalness on affective response to logo design: A cross-national study

Literature concerned with logo strategy suggests that the aesthetic appeal of brand logos significantly influences consumer responses. Yet, despite the fact that companies invest significant amounts of time and money promoting, updating and changing their logos, empirical studies of logo design issues are rare. In particular, there is little systematic research on the effect of logo design across different cultures. The main purpose of this research is to address the communalities and asymmetries between consumer responses to logo design across cultures. In particular, we focus on the influences of different types of natural designs on consumers’ affective responses in three different countries, Portugal, Spain and The Netherlands. Findings should provide relevant contributions for multinational companies since logos are critical brand identity sings and they tend to be used in an unaltered form in new markets

Start a business in Spain: mission impossible?

With unemployment reaching record rates almost every month, families losing purchasing power and a dramatic credit crunch for small business, the situation in Spain does not seem very favourable for entrepreneurs and start-ups. In addition, the country has a one of the heaviest process for business creation, with taxes, authorisations and delays that make quite difficult initiate a new company. Is there any hope for entrepreneurs? There are three main challenges that anyone willing to invest in Spain is likely to face

Motivasi China Melakukan Investasi Bidang Tekstil di Spanyol Tahun 2003 2007

This research explains the motivation of China to invest in the field of textile Spain 2003 2007. Foreign direct investment or Outward Direct Investment (ODI) is one of the goals of a country to cooperate with other countries in the form of developing a product to provide working capital to the country concerned. One of the countries that actively ODI to another country is China. Spain is one of the countries that cooperate with China in the field of textile. According to Nicolas and Thomsen, in 2006, Spain is the third largest recipient of Chinese ODI stock among all EU countries. The value of Chinese ODI investment increased rapidly expanding into Spain in 2006 and 2007 based on sources from the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) of China Government.This study showed of Chinas motivation to invest in European countries including Spain in the field of textiles is to search for market share . Approximately 85 % indicated that the main reason for Chinas investment in the EU is to gain market share in Europe and to provide goods and services in the EU market. The Spanish government has been trying to attract investors to develop the area . One of the cities that are ready to accept investment is the City of Catalonia. There is strong evidence that Chinese ODI to Spain is inclined on one region (Catalonia) , although the investment option seems to be mostly driven on the basis of the existing network infrastructure and availability of domestic profits expatriate community in the region. Catalonia City has prepared himself by making programs including development of human resources in Catalunya and made strides improving the cultural and creative industries and sustainable development in Catalonia including the textile industry.Keywords : China, Spain, Catalonia, investment, textile, outward direct investment (ODI

Investing in Catalonia : Bricks, Bolts and Highways

The recently announced departure of several multinational companies from Catalonia has opened a frank debate about our ability to compete and where our competitive advantages and future potential might lie. Historical and cultural factors make Catalonia and Spain difficult markets to invest in, in terms of legal security, educational levels, especially in science, and commercial structure, in which a high level of protectionism is in place because of banksindustrial holdings and political clientelism. Poor telecommunications infrastructure is the most obvious example of these failings, and a strong disincentive for technology companies to invest here. A rentier mindset is prevalent rather than a pro-active, risk-taking approach

As políticas ferroviárias ibéricas (1845-1860)

Portugal and Spain started to invest in railways about 15 years after other countries in Europe did the same. The strategies pursued by both these countries were rather different. Whereas Spain tried to create a legal framework wide enough to compass all the details of construction, Portugal opted for a more flexible approach, which could adapt to specific contexts. Comparing the Spanish bibliography about these issues with the Portuguese parliamentary debates and approved laws, the following text aims do describe and explain both countries railway strategies and how the Spanish approach brought an earlier success to this nation

Case study Kenyan fish exports

" Food safety and quality have become increasingly important in international fish trade. Stringent conditions imposed by major fish-importing nations in the developed world, which take in 80 percent of global fish exports, give food safety priority over price as the main determinant for market access. Nearly half of fish exports originate from developing countries, which have limited capacity to invest in the rigorous fish safety measures demanded by importing countries... Concerns about the safety of fish from Kenya first arose in November 1997 when Spain and Italy both banned fish imports from Kenya, claiming the presence of Salmonellae.... Kenya faces important challenges in implementing stronger food safety measures, especially in light of its small development budget. It cannot export fish unless it incurs huge costs" from TextFood safety ,food security ,Public health ,

What do sustainable investment funds in Spain invest in? Study on Sustainable Investment

Treball Final de Grau en Finances i Comptabilitat. Codi: FC1049. Curs acadèmic: 2020-2021In recent years, the current economic and financial system has experienced an increase in concern for sustainability, seeking to achieve different objectives, not only related to economic profitability but also to social profitability. As a result, a new type of investment has emerged, based on social responsibility, in which sustainable investment funds stand out. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze this type of fund, studying its evolution, its main characteristics, and the analysis of its portfolio, both by sector and by investment policy. For that, we have selected a sample of SRI funds commercialized in our country and we have focused on analyzing mainly the investment policies followed by each fund and which sectors they focus on and why