326 research outputs found

    Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of impacts and benefits of nine INHERIT case studies

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    The INHERIT report Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluations of Impacts and Benefits of Nine INHERIT Case Studies documents the findings relevant to potential impacts and benefits of nine case studies for health, equity and a more sustainable environment. It uses a mixed method approach with quantitative methods augmented in some cases by written responses to survey questions, or by focus group discussions on impacts, as appropriate. Each case study evaluation was led by a different INHERIT partner. In each case, partners formulated the research design appropriate to their case studies and the associated research questions identified within the framework of INHERIT. The coordinating partner, University College London (UCL), developed an evaluation framework to suit the range of case studies examined for impacts and benefits, the case specific logic models developed, and the research questions identified. The nine chapters describe the impact evaluations and findings from the nine case studies using the following format: Background; Overall aims; Context; Research Questions; Methodology; Results; Discussion; Limitations; Learning points for future research; Learning points for potential scale up and transferability

    Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of impacts and benefits of nine INHERIT case studies

    Get PDF
    The INHERIT report Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluations of Impacts and Benefits of Nine INHERIT Case Studies documents the findings relevant to potential impacts and benefits of nine case studies for health, equity and a more sustainable environment. It uses a mixed method approach with quantitative methods augmented in some cases by written responses to survey questions, or by focus group discussions on impacts, as appropriate. Each case study evaluation was led by a different INHERIT partner. In each case, partners formulated the research design appropriate to their case studies and the associated research questions identified within the framework of INHERIT. The coordinating partner, University College London (UCL), developed an evaluation framework to suit the range of case studies examined for impacts and benefits, the case specific logic models developed, and the research questions identified. The nine chapters describe the impact evaluations and findings from the nine case studies using the following format: Background; Overall aims; Context; Research Questions; Methodology; Results; Discussion; Limitations; Learning points for future research; Learning points for potential scale up and transferability

    Nutrition and Vulnerable Groups

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    Food insecurity is a complex ‘wicked’ problem that results from a range of unstable and uncertain physical, social, cultural and economic factors that limits access to nutritious food. Globally, 800 million people are under-nourished, and around 2 billion are overweight/obese or have micronutrient deficiency. These populations are largely positioned in developing countries where disease burden is high and impacts health budgets and productivity. Similarly developed countries, cities and neighbourhoods are experiencing a greater emergence of vulnerable populations. This is in part explained by the change in the food production and manufacturing, the retraction in economic climates, the increase in food price, and in some regions reduced food availability and access.Vulnerable groups include but are not limited to migrant populations, Indigenous people, elderly, pregnant women, those with disability, homeless, young children and youth. Poor nutrition at significant periods of growth and development and during life impact long term health outcomes increasing non-communicable disease prevalence, health cost and reducing economic productivity

    From Smartcity to the Food Parliament: an investigation into the urban consequences of food transparency

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    Over the centuries, there has been an undeniable symbiosis between urbanization and food production. The first part of the research, ‘Food +’ reassesses this relationship in an era of unrelenting urbanism and global food shortage, two interdependent phenomena that must reach a rapprochement to prevent an impending catastrophe that is human as much as environmental. ‘Food +’ consists of a series of investigations in which the extant cultural, legal, educational, medical, financial and employment frameworks of the city are reinterpreted through the medium of food and the spatial implications of how the city is governed. The research culminates in a speculative piece of polemic, the ‘Food Parliament’, a system of architectonic components that operate as a sustainable stratum over London. The discourse follows similar themes of sustainability and transformation of cities initiated in ‘Smartcities’, but looks at how the creation, storage and distribution of food has been and can again become a construct for the practice of everyday life. The Food Parliament, a provocation, is premised on the adoption of food as the local currency standard. Formally unorthodox, the components of the Parliament become metaphors for food immediacy, nutrition, health, job opportunities, green income sources and social cohesion, and simultaneously raise serious questions about the priorities of our governing bodies. Although the Food Parliament is a fantastical construct, the principles that underlie its premise and the justification for its existence, are both real and urgent

    Sustainability in design: now! Challenges and opportunities for design research, education and practice in the XXI century

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    Copyright @ 2010 Greenleaf PublicationsLeNS project funded by the Asia Link Programme, EuropeAid, European Commission

    Urban Wetland Ecology And Floods In Kumasi, Ghana

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    This research sought to investigate the interlocked issues of urbanisation, climate change, wetland ecology and degradation and flooding in Kumasi. The results show that whilst there were some plant species common to all the wetlands, the species composition for each wetland was unique. In each wetland, the level of soil water saturation was found to influence species composition. The percentage organic carbon of the wetland soils was the strongest factor that explained the observed spatial heterogeneity of wetland vegetation in Kumasi. There is no significant change in rainfall of Kumasi for the flood prone months of June and July and, therefore, the floods were not due to climate change. Two types of floods were, however, identified in the suburbs studied: flash floods due to heavy rainfall events and effluent stream floods caused by a rise in the water table during the peak rainy seasons. People continued to live in the flood prone areas because, other forms of capital developed after living in these suburbs for a while, far outweighed the push factors to relocate

    A Latent Profile Analysis of Health-related Quality of Life Domains in Cancer Survivors

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    PurposeThe aim of this research was to examine heterogeneity of Health-related Quality of Life (HrQOL) in Cancer Survivors (both undergoing and completed treatment) using latent profile analysis and to determine whether these groups differed by demographic and health characteristics.MethodsParticipants(n=229) recruited through an oncology day ward and outpatient department in a local hospital, completed height, weight and handgrip measures as well as the validated patient generated subjective global assessment and EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaires. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify subgroups based on HrQOL domain scores. Multinominal Logistic Regression was conducted to determine the relationship between these subgroups and demographic and health characteristics. ResultsThree latent subtypes were identified: (1)high quality of life(n=122, 52.8%); (2)compromised quality of life(n=79, 34.2%) and (3)low quality of life(n=30, 12.99%). All subtypes scored lower for functioning scales (with the exception of the higher quality of life group for physical, role and emotional functioning) and higher for symptom scales then the reference norm population. There were large clinically meaningful differences between the high quality of life group and the low quality of life group for all HrQOL scales. Those in the low quality of life group were slightly younger than those in the high quality of life group(OR = 0.956, p &lt; .05, CI = 0.917– 0.998). Workers were &gt;7 times more likely to be in low quality of life than the high quality of life group. Compared to the high quality of life group, the odds of belonging to the compromised quality of life group decreased significantly by having higher handgrip strength (OR = .955, p &lt; .05, CI = .924 - .988). The odds of belonging to the low quality of life group increased significantly for those with higher number of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) (OR = 1.375, p &lt; .05, CI = 1.004 – 1.883).ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine heterogeneity of HrQOL using latent profile analysis in Irish Cancer Survivors. In clinical practice understanding how aspects of HrQOL group together may allow clinicians to better understand and treat cancer survivors, informing more individualised nutrition care.<br/
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