Multiple Minor QTLs Are Responsible for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Chinese Wheat Landrace Haiyanzhong

Citation: Cai, Jin, Shan Wang, Tao Li, Guorong Zhang, and Guihua Bai. “Multiple Minor QTLs Are Responsible for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Chinese Wheat Landrace Haiyanzhong.” Edited by Maoteng Li. PLOS ONE 11, no. 9 (September 27, 2016): e0163292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163292.Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a devastating disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Use of host resistance is one of the most effective strategies to minimize the disease damage. Haiyanzhong (HYZ) is a Chinese wheat landrace that shows a high level of resistance to FHB spread within a spike (type II resistance). To map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in HYZ and identify markers tightly linked to the QTLs for FHB resistance, a population of 172 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between HYZ and Wheaton (FHB susceptible) was genotyped using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from genotyping-bysequencing (GBS), and evaluated for percentage of symptomatic spikelets (PSSs) per spike in three greenhouse experiments. Six QTLs for type II resistance were identified in HYZ, indicating that multiple minor QTLs together can provide a high level of FHB resistance in wheat. The QTL with the largest effect on FHB resistance was mapped on the chromosome arm 5AS, and the other five from HYZ were mapped on the chromosomes 6B, 7D, 3B, 4B and 4D. In addition, two QTLs from Wheaton were mapped on 2B. Critical SNPs linked to the QTLs on chromosomes 5A, 6B, and 2B were converted into KBioscience competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays, which can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to pyramid these QTLs in whea

On Ground States and Phase Transition for λ\lambda-Model with the Competing Potts Interactions on Cayley Trees

In this paper, we consider the $\lambda$-model with nearest neighbor interactions and with competing Potts interactions on the Cayley tree of order-two. We notice that if $\lambda$-function is taken as a Potts interaction function, then this model contains as a particular case of Potts model with competing interactions on Cayley tree. In this paper, we first describe all ground states of the model. We point out that the Potts model with considered interactions was investigated only numerically, without rigorous (mathematical) proofs. One of the main points of this paper is to propose a measure-theoretical approach for the considered model in more general setting. Furthermore, we find certain conditions for the existence of Gibbs measures corresponding to the model, which allowed to establish the existence of the phase transition.Comment: 23 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.0193

Innovativeness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Greece: an Empirical Investigation

Economic theories recognize the leading role of innovations in the process of economic growth. Undoubtedly investing in innovation is a challenge for all enterprises operating in the modern highly competitive environment. The role and position of small and medium enterprises is unique and extremely important in this matter. The main objective of this study is to examine the conditions of undertaking innovative activities by SME sector in Greece and the identification of the critical success factors of SMEs in the field of innovation. The analysis used the results of the survey and statistical materials of SME from a sample of 410 respondents. The paper is organized as follows: in the next section we briefly present the importance of SMEs for sustained economic development and the actual development of SMEs growth in Greece. This is followed by the presentation of research methodology and the data sources used in the analysis. The results are presented and discussed in section four. We conclude with study limitations and further opportunities for research

Magnetic conductivity and Chern-Simons Term in Holographic Hydrodynamics of Charged AdS Black Hole

We study the effects of the Chern-Simons term in the hydrodynamics of the five-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS background. We work out the decoupling problem of the equations of motion and calculate the retarded Green functions explicitly. We then find that the Chern-Simons term induces the magnetic conductivity caused by the anomaly effect. It is increasing function of temperature running from a non-zero value at zero temperature to the twice the value at infinite temperature.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures; v2 discussion on classification of perturbation fields based on helicity base, third order in dispersion relation and more discussion on magnetic conductivity are added, some typos are corrected and references are added; v3 published versio

Dirac electrons in the presence of matrix potential barrier: application to graphene and topological insulators

Scattering of a 2D Dirac electrons on a rectangular matrix potential barrier is considered using the formalism of spinor transfer matrices. It is shown, in particular, that in the absence of the mass term, the Klein tunneling is not necessarily suppressed but occurs at oblique incidence. The formalism is applied to studying waveguiding modes of the barrier, which are supported by the edge and bulk states. The condition of existence of the uni-directionality property is found. We show that the band of edge states is always finite with massless excitations, while the spectrum of the bulk states, depending on parameters of the barrier, may consist of the infinite or finite band with both, massive and massless, low-energy excitations. The effect of the Zeeman term is considered and the condition of appearance of two distinct energy dependent directions corresponding to the Klein tunneling is found.Comment: published versio