Analysis of the Association between Availability of School Facilities Available for Physical Activity and MET Scores among Adolescents aged 12-15: NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey 2012

Abstract Background: Physical activity (PA) is a means to improve the overall health and well-being of adolescents. Daily PA helps decrease the risk of obesity, chronic diseases, and mental health disorders. However, adolescents are not participating in sufficient amounts of daily PA and negative health related conditions are becoming more prevalent. Youth spend the majority of their days at school. PA in the school environment is influenced by a number of factors including, break/free times, access to PA facilities, and allotted time for physical education (PE). Improving the factors that contribute to school-based PA levels may facilitate an increase in adolescent’s overall PA level. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between access to school facilities for PA during free/lunch periods and MET scores of adolescents aged 12-15 years. A secondary purpose of this study is to determine if access to school facilities for PA during free/lunch periods is associated with body mass index (BMI). Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) National Youth Fitness Survey (NYFS). MET scores were computed by combing data for moderate and vigorous PA variables by assigning a MET score of 4.0 to moderate recreational activities, and an 8.0 to vigorous recreational activities. METS per week were computed by multiplying MET scores by minutes per week. To determine if mean MET scores or BMI differ significantly between those with and without access to PA, t-tests were conducted on the overall sample and were also stratified by gender. Results: Of the 1,640 participants included in the survey, 478 (242 Male, 236 Female) participants met inclusion criteria to be in the analysis of MET scores and BMI. Students with access to PA facilities had a mean MET score 124.71 lower than students without access to PA facilities (p= 0.64). Students with access to PA facilities had a mean BMI 0.49 lower than students without access to PA facilities (p= 0.31). Neither result is statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of this analysis did not yield a statistically significant relationship between access to school PA facilities during lunch/free periods and MET scores or BMI. This was true of the overall analysis as well as gender stratified analyses. Boys engaged in more PA than females. Future studies should investigate how to increase PA in girls. Also, further investigation on the effect of the school environment on adolescents’ PA should be conducted. More data should be collected related to free/lunch period PA and whether adolescents have access to PA facilities

Association between adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behaviors with change in BMI and risk of type 2 diabetes.

This study aims at identifying the association between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) patterns during adolescents on the future increase in BMI and risk of diabetes during young adulthood. A total of 3,717 participants aged 11 to 21 at baseline who completed Waves I (1994-1995), II (1996), III (2001-2002), and IV (2008) surveys of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) were analyzed. Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns were assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire at Waves I, II, and III. A participant was classified as having diabetes at Wave IV according to WHO guidelines. The k-means cluster analysis was used to identify the number of PA and SB patterns assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. The k-means cluster analysis identified three clusters; 575 (15.5%), 2,140 (57.6%), and 1,002 (27.0%) participants belonged to the low PA high SB (LPAHSB), the LPALSB, and the HPALSB cluster respectively. Relative to the LPALSB cluster, the HPALSB cluster had lower increase in BMI from Wave III to Wave IV (P = 0.03), whereas the difference between LPAHSB cluster and LPALSB cluster was not significant (P = 0.09). The odds of developing diabetes at Wave IV was significant for the LPAHSB cluster (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.75) but not significant for the HPALSB cluster (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.52, 1.47) relative to the LPALSB cluster. To conclude, PA but not SB during adolescence predicted change in BMI during young adulthood. SB but not PA during adolescence predicted type 2 diabetes during young adulthood