The Top Ten Cancer Burdens at Hawassa University's Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2013 to 2019

Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, posing significant public health challenges across various demographics. This study evaluates the epidemiology of the ten most prevalent cancers at Hawassa University’s Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HURCSH) from 2013 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all cancer patients treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) between 2013 and 2019. A thorough review of medical records in both the oncology and pathology units was performed. Descriptive statistics and trend analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20, with results presented in tables and graphs. Results: During the study period, a total of 4,658 new cancer cases were registered, with complete records available for 3,002 cases. The ten most common cancers accounted for 2,162 cases (72.1%). Breast cancer was the most prevalent, comprising 559 cases (25.9%), followed by cervical cancer with 385 cases (17.8%), gastric cancer with 257 cases (11.9%), esophageal cancer with 245 cases (11.3%), and colorectal cancer with 204 cases (9.4%). There was a notable predominance of cases among females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.1. Many cancers peaked in individuals aged between 30 to 59 years. Alarmingly, there was a marked increase in cancer cases over the seven-year period, especially after 2016. Conclusion: Burden of cancer is raising time to time, it is crucial to establish awareness, improve screening programs, and promote healthier lifestyle choices to mitigate the public health impact of cancer in Ethiopia. This study underscores the need for strengthened healthcare policies and resource allocation to effectively address the growing cancer burden.  

Cancer in Patients Referred Abroad For Health Care and Related Foreign Currency Expenses

Background: There is limited access to health services in Burundi, as most of the services such as cancer care are unavailable. Burundian citizen who can afford the costs involved in seeking treatment elsewhere are referred abroad. The purpose of this study was to assess the proportion of patients suffering from cancer among patients referred abroad for healthcare and to evaluate the costs incurred by those patients in relation to what the country would save by establishing cancer healthcare facilities.Methodology: The study was performed retrospectively from January 2016 to December 2018. With approval of Ministry of Public Health and AIDS control, the data was collected from medical reports at the general management of health facilities and AIDS control office. All patients with medical reports containing the reason for referral were included in the study. Medical reports assessing occupational disability were excluded. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: Male, female and unclear was 45.3%, 39.9% and 14.8% respectively. Average age was 31,82. The main reason for referral was MRI (21.7%). Cancer patients represented 18% of all patients referred abroad for healthcare and the most common type of cancer found was breast (26.5%), genitourinary (15.7%) and digestive (14,2%). If all patients from 2016-2018 were referred to Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, India or Europe for 30 years, the country would spend in foreign currency US$3,858,229; US$638,342.80; US$21,288,592; US$10,410,192.90; US$54,718,329.70 respectively. Also, if all patients estimated by Globocan in 2018 were to be referred to these countries, the cost of foreign currencies would be US$52,455,122.60; US$38,264,740.88; US$129,272,590.40; US$81,330,325.94; US$276,601,008.02 respectively.Conclusion: There is a good number of cancer patients among patients referred abroad for health care. The estimated costs incurred by patients referred abroad for cancer care are far greater than funds needed to setup modern cancer care centres in Burundi

Worldwide incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer and Human Development Index (HDI): GLOBOCAN sources and methods 2018

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women, accounting for about 4% of all cancers associated with women. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on extraction of cancer incidence data and cancer mortality rates from the Global Cancer Data in 2018. The incidence and mortality rates and ovarian cancer distribution maps were drawn for World countries. To analyze data, correlation test and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between its incidence and mortality with HDI. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between ovarian cancer incidence (R = 0.409, P <0.0001) and mortality (R = 0.193, P <0.05) with HDI. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between incidence with GNI ,MYS ,LEB and EYS ( P <0.0001). The results also demonstrated that there was a positive and significant correlation between mortality and GNI, MYS, LEB and EYS ( P <0.05).The linear regression model showed that a higher MYS [B = 0.2, CI95%: (- 0.03,0.5)] significantly increased the incidence of ovarian cancer and increased MYS [B = 0.2, CI95% (0.03, 0.4)] increased mortality. Given the positive and significant correlation between ovarian cancer incidence and mortality with HDI, attention to risk factors in these countries can be effective in curbing its incidence and mortality

Global Disparities in Colorectal Cancer: Unveiling the Present Landscape of Incidence and Mortality Rates, Analyzing Geographical Variances, and Assessing the Human Development Index

Background: Colorectal cancer poses a major global health threat, with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. This study examined the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer globally in 2020 and explored the relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Material and methods: This research utilizes data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) GLOBOCAN project, an esteemed source of up-to-date international cancer statistics. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 individuals were calculated. The association between ASIR, ASMR, and the HDI was analyzed using Pearson correlation, considering a statistical significance threshold of P<0.05. Results: In 2020, a total of 1,931,590 new colorectal cancer cases were recorded globally, with a male predominance of 55.18%. The global colorectal cancer ASIR was 19.5 per 100000 (23.4 in males, 16.2 in females). Furthermore, there were 935,173 colorectal cancer-related mortality, with males accounting for 55.13%. The overall colorectal cancer ASMR was 9 (11 in males, 7.2 in females). A strong positive correlation emerged between ASIR and ASMR (0.895, P≤0.001), HDI (0.794, P≤0.001), life expectancy (0.724, P≤0.001), education (0.743, P≤0.001), and income (0.706, P≤0.001). Similarly, positive correlations were also found between ASMR and HDI (0.638, P≤0.001), life expectancy (0.569, P≤0.001), education (0.631, P≤0.001), and income (0.512, P≤0.001). Conclusion: This global analysis highlights rising colorectal cancer incidence and mortality as a major public health threat worldwide. The findings reveal a positive association between a country’s development level, as measured by HDI, and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality

Epidemiologija raka u Hrvatskoj – nedavni uvidi i međunarodne usporedbe

Cancer is a major public health issue worldwide. It is very important to have high-quality epidemiological data to plan the measures in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, to benchmark in comparison to other countries and to assess trends for particular cancer sites. This paper presents the basic epidemiology indicators for Croatia, explains the concepts surrounding the data collection and analytical procedures for essential epidemiological parameters and presents the most recent data, estimates and comparisons in the advent of the first Croatian National Cancer Plan.Rak je veliki javnozdravstveni problem na cijelom svijetu. Iznimno je važno imati kvalitetne epidemiološke podatke kako bismo mogli planirati mjere primarne, sekundarne i tercijarne prevencije, usporediti se s drugim državama i procijeniti trendove za pojedina sijela raka. Ovaj članak opisuje osnovne epidemiološke indikatore za Hrvatsku, razjašnjava načine prikupljanja podataka i analitičkih procedura za te indikatore te iznosi najnovije podatke, procjene i usporedbe u osvit prvog hrvatskog Nacionalnog plana za borbu protiv raka

The epidemiological profile of cancer in Beni Mellal: a cross-sectional descriptive study

In Morocco, where cancer is a major public health problem, the characteristics of cancer in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region of Morocco are unknown. Our objective was to establish the epidemiological profile of cancer in this region and the main risk factors influencing cancer. We conducted a cross-sectional study, including all types of cancer, with a sample of 100 patients at the Beni Mellal regional oncology center. Data collected in June and July 2021 using a questionnaire, pre-tested, and analyzed using SPSS and Excel. The questionnaire included sections on cancer-related clinical characteristics and other items related to cancer risk exposures. Gyneco-mammary cancers occupied the first position (49%). The most common localization of cancer in women was breast cancer, with a proportion of 63% of cases recorded during the period studied. In men, lung cancer was the most frequent location at 17%. We found some possible risk factors for cancer: tobacco and alcohol use, dietary habits, use of hormonal contraceptive methods, low income, pollution, sun radiation, exposure to asbestos, family history of cancer, and diseases associated with cancer. Women’s cancers are very common in the region. Several factors are responsible for this frequency. These results suggest several avenues for further research

Epidemiology of Different Types of Cancers Reported in Basra, Iraq

Objectives: This study aimed to report the incidence and pattern of various types of cancers and their distribution across various demographic groups in Basra, Iraq. Methods: Cancer cases recorded during 2017 at the Basra Cancer Control Centre, the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, the Basra Oncology and Hematology Centre, the Basra Children’s Hospital and at private laboratories were included in the study. Patients’ records were analysed for information related to age, gender, residence and type of cancer. Incidences for different geographical regions and distribution of incidences across age groups were recorded as percentages. The mean age was recorded for patients of different genders and age groups. Incidence rates per 100,000 were calculated for different types of cancer. Results: A total of 2,163 cancer cases were identified of which 2,020 were in adults (93.4%) and 143 were in children (6.6%). Among adults, most cancers were found in females (59%). Patients’ mean age at diagnosis was 51.4 ± 19.6 years for adults and 6.4 ± 4.23 years for children. Cancer incidence rates per 100,000 people increased with age. Breast cancer was the most frequent cancer type found in adult females, with an incidence rate of 60.64 per 100,000 people. The most common types of cancer found in adult males were urinary bladder and lung and bronchus cancers; leukaemia was the most common cancer in children. Conclusion: The findings from this study can be used for predicting cancer epidemiology in Basra, Iraq, and to identify subsets of the population at high risk of cancer incidence. This information will help healthcare providers to adequately respond to the demands of diagnosis, treatment and palliative care for such patients.Keywords: Neoplasms; Incidence; Epidemiology; Demography; Iraq