Pharmacological and phytochemical studies of ayuvedic plants for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity

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GCMS analysis & assessment of antimicrobial potential of rhizospheric Actinomycetes of AIA3 isolate

111-119Plants have been used for medicine to support human health in many regions in the world by researchers since ancient times. Plants and soil organisms have been found to have very high therapeutic potential as they produce many natural products. Evolving drug resistance towards nearly all anti-infection drugs, lead to the fast development of new drugs. Many natural products or secondary metabolites have been used for animal and human health. Recently, many new secondary metabolites from actinomycetes have been isolated and reported as important compounds with different activities like anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic and anticancer agents, etc. In this study isolation of actinomycetes was carried out on actinomycetes isolation agar media (AIA). Characterization and biochemical tests were performed and followed by fermentation and solvent extraction by four solvents for example- Benzene, pet ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform. GCMS was performed for identification of compounds present in culture broth. Major compounds present were Octanal,Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl), Dibutyl phthalate, N-hexadecanoic acid, 1-nonadecene, Heptadecane, Octadecanoic acid, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecene, Dihydroergotamine, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 13-docosenamide, and 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene. Crude obtained was checked for their antimicrobial activity and inhibition zones (IZ) were noted on Mullar Hinton agar (MHA) media against indicator organisms like Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3160) (IZ=Ben-18 mm, E.A-25 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688) (IZ=Ben-11 mm, Chl-14 mm, E.A-24 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC-432) (IZ=Ben-19 mm, Chl-20 mm, E.A-34 mm), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC-7306) (IZ=Benzene-10 mm, E.A-30 mm), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441). Identification of compounds was carried out by NIST 14 library

Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (Lamiaceae): A review

Ethnobotany is the scientific study concerned with the study of relationship between plants and man, in particular, how people use their traditional knowledge with respect to utilization of plant resources for their wellbeing. Plants have been extensively used since time immemorial as an indispensible source such as food, fodder, medicine, dyes, flavoring agents and for construction purposes. The genus Clerodendrum is one of the largest plant genera, belongs to the family Lamiaceae and encompasses herbs, shrubs and trees distributed worldwide. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (synonym Clerodendrum viscosum Vent.) is one among the important species of the genus Clerodendrum. In the present review, we discuss the traditional (ethnobotanical) uses and pharmacological activities displayed by C. infortunatum. An extensive literature survey revealed that various parts of C. infortunatum are used traditionally by various indigenous communities as green salad, as an ingredient in local wine and to treat ailments or disorders such as headache, toothache, rheumatism, swelling, skin diseases, fever, diabetes, malaria, burns, tumor and epilepsy. Literatures revealed various pharmacological properties exhibited by the plant such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, wound healing, antivenom, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anthelmintic, insecticidal, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities.  Keywords: Clerodendrum infortunatum L., Lamiaceae, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activitie

EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF HAMELIA PATENS PLANT WITH THE GC-MS SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactive compound present in the leaves, root, flower, and stem by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Novel drugs are isolated from plants against human diseases.Methods: The plant parts (leaves, stem, flower, and root) were collected, washed, shade dried, and powdered, and the methanol extracts of all plant parts were prepared by Soxhlet reflux method. The methanolic extracts were analyzed for the identification of phytochemical compounds present in the Hamelia patens plant parts using GC-mass spectrometry (MS) matched by the National Institute of Standards And Technology-11 library and Willey 8 library.Results: The bioactive fraction on GC-MS analysis revealed a chromatogram showing highest peaks. Methanol extracts of H. patens leaf are found to possess a wide range of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and their isomers such as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 4H-pyran (1.77%), 1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) (3.06%), mome inositol (18.22%), pentadecanoic acid (1.66%), and squalene (11.47%). GC-MS analysis revealed chromatogram, showing that the highest peaks of H. patens stem are methyl salicylate (3.41%), 2-amino-9-(3,4- dihydroxy-5- hydroxymethyl) (9.53%), mome inositol (63.73%), and squalene (1.07%).Conclusion: Isolation of such bioactives and their use as therapeutic target is the prime motto of our research to isolate novel bioactive that can used as potential therapeutic agents

Antioxidant efficacy and cytotoxicity of ethanol extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum against different cell lines

572-581Clerodendrum infortunatum belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is a perennial shrub. It is widely known for their important medicinal values among the Mizo tribe. In the present study, the preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, antioxidant activities by DPPH, O2- and ABTS assays and cytotoxicityby MTT assay against AGS (gastric cancer), HeLa (cervical) and HT-29 (colon) cell lines compared with normal cell line (Chang liver) were performed. Furthermore, the GC-MS profiling was also conducted. The results imply the presence of saponin, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, phenol and flavonoid. The quantification shows that phenol content (64.35 mg/ g) was highest followed by flavonoid (61.93 mg/ g) and alkaloid (13.33 mg/ g). Its scavenging efficiency against DPPH with IC50 value was 47.99, against O2- with IC50 was108 µg/mL and against ABTS cations with IC50 was 50.05 µg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract exhibited a maximum cytotoxicity against HeLa with IC50 value of 53.55 µg/mL, AGS with IC50 value 82.44 µg/mL and HT-29 with IC50 value of 142.2 µg/mL. However, the extract showed comparatively less toxicity against normal cell lines. Moreover, 14 active compounds were confirmed in the GC-MS analysis of the extract. HPLC study also infers the occurrence of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin. Therefore, the results of C. infortunatum ethanolic extract clearly specified that it has a very high antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxic properties; which proved that this ethnomedicinal plant can be used as an alternative agent to treat a variety of illnesses

PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ANTI CANCER ACTIVITY OF Ipomoea sepiaria METHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST PC-3 CELL LINE

A few conventional restorative plants contain in explored concerning their enemy of corpulence likely wellsprings of is Ipomoea sepiaria Koenig ex. Roxb. The medicine is supposed in tales game plan of prescription for various accommodating properties like, love elixir and arsenic hurting, tonic, re-establishing, diuretic, laxative, uterotonic and sterility in women and leaves is shown particularly in diabetes. Phytochemical screening of different concentrates of Ipomoea sepiaria exposed the presence and non-attendance of various phytochemicals are available in ethanol remove, further examinations were done with leaves of Ipomoea sepiaria ethanol separate. PC3 (PC-3) is a human prostate malignancy cell lines that are profoundly utilized in examining the biochemical changes prostatic disease cells. Explores on PC-3 human prostate malignancy cell lines control are required in the current many years. The anticancer action of fluid concentrate of Ipomoea sepiaria was researched by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) measure utilizing PC-3 cell line. The current experimentation was indicated that watery concentrate of Ipomoea sepiaria, when exposed to various focuses on PC-3 cells demonstrated IC50 cell hindrance at about 5μM for 48 hours and about 2 μM for 72 hours. The information made by this particular examination gives relevant pharmacognostic  and phytochemical data needed for proper distinctive confirmation and check of leaves of this particular  species. &nbsp

Isolation Of Bioactive Compounds From Dicranaceae Mosses

Dicranoloma reflexumand Dicranella coarctataare mosses from Dicranaceaefamily. This study was purposed to identify bioactive compounds contained fromboth species. Dicranoloma reflexumand Dicranella coarctatacollected form Cangarforest, Batu, East Java. Mosses was rinsed, dried and crushed into powder. Extraction was performed using maceration method with n-hexane, acetic acid, and methanol solvent. Compounds obtained then identified using Gass Chromatography Mass Spectra. Result showed that n-hexane, acetic ethyl, and methanol extract of Dicranoloma reflexumcontained 61,16, and 58 compounds respectively. Main component of each extract was 1-octadecene, phenol, and 9-octadecanoic acid. N-hexane, acetic ethyl, and methanol extract of Dicranella coarctatacontained 5,38, and 23 compounds respectively. Main component of each extract was thiosulphuric acid, E-15 heptedecenal,andn-hexadecanoic acid

Bioactive principles, antibacterial and anticancer properties of Artemisia arborescens L.

Artemisia arborescens is a medicinal and aromatic plant used in traditionally by the people of Saudi Arabia. This research attempts to evaluate the bioactive constituents of the plant using organic solvents, as well as the antibacterial and anticancer properties of plant extracts. The Phytochemical analysis of methanol extract revealed eleven bioactive constituents, identified by comparing their retention periods and GC-MS profiles to account for 52.45 percent of the studied extract. In the meantime, the extract of pet ether had demonstrated the presence of sixteen significant constituents, six of which were distinct sesquiterpene derivatives. In lipophilic plant extract, three higher alkanes made up 12.49% of the total. These higher alkanes were tetratriacontane (6.55%), hentriacontane (4.17%), and octacosane (1.77%). Studies on antimicrobial activity have revealed that both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts had a broad spectrum of activity against specific human pathogens. Both extracts, however, failed to exhibit any anti-Candida albicans activity. Methanolic extract not shown inhibition in the cell growth of MCF-7 cell, but petroleum ether extract had shown significant anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell with an IC50 of 13.49 µg/mL. the results obtained show that A. arborescens have a lot of potential for further research into variety of biological functions, against cancer and microbes.

SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION OF SEASONAL DIETARY PRACTICES IN KERALA – KARKITAKA KANJI, MUKKUDI, PATTILA CURRY

Following a seasonal dietary regimen is an age old practice amongst the mankind which enabled them to survive and adapt according to the environmental needs. But the urbanization took away most of such culturally bound time tested practices from the society which played a key role in maintaining good health and immunity. Karkitaka Chikitsa – (a systematically following dietary and therapeutic regimens during the month of Karkidam (June-July)- is one such practice which is still prevailing in the south Indian states especially in Kerala. The month of Karkidaka is in the transition phase from rainy season to autumn characterized with debilitated health and lack of employment due to climatic conditions. According to Ayurveda the strength of body is considerably compromised during the months of summer and rainy season. Poor digestive power (Agni bala) and aggravation of Vata dosha happens during the rainy season. Hence specific diet and therapeutic regimens that can mitigate or balance the Vata and thereby rejuvenate the health and immunity is followed. The dietary plans include Karkkidaka kanji (rice gruel processed with herbs), Mukkudi, Pattila curry (dish made with ten varieties of leaves) etc. This article is an attempt to scientifically analyze the special monsoon dietetics of Kerala

Unveiling Antiarthritic Potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. Extract: Evaluation and Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-Based Formulation

Medicinal plants consist of complex chemical compounds that have been acknowledged for their important role in treating persistent human illnesses. This research concentrates on the phyto-physicochemical evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam. extract and its in vitro anti-arthritic properties, as determined by inhibiting protein denaturation utilizing varying concentrations of the extract and a standard drug, diclofenac sodium. The study's results revealed a significant in vitro anti-arthritic impact of the extract, with an 85.8% inhibition compared to the standard drug's 99.9% inhibition. Furthermore, this research involved creating sustained-release tablets using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based formulations and various grades of hydrophilic polymers along with a fixed quantity of a hydrophobic polymer. The manufactured tablets demonstrated favourable sustained-release traits through direct compression, with the MF2 formulation showing a 73.8% cumulative release over 10 hours