The Newfoundland Quarterly, volume 102, no. 3 (Winter 2009)

The Newfoundland Quarterly, volume 102, no. 3 (Winter 2009

The Utah Statesman, April 27, 1984

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/newspapers/2551/thumbnail.jp

The Role of Translation in Linguistic Standardisation across Inuit Nunangat

The history of translation and the history of standardisation in Inuit Nunangat, the Inuit homeland in Canada, are closely intertwined. As the Inuit language varieties continually adjust to changing circumstances, translation has triggered standardisation; concomitantly, translators have proven active agents in the creation, implementation and rejection of standards. Missionaries used translation as a tool for religious conversion, and this was soon superseded by the assimilative non-translation policy of the federal government. Unfortunately, the exogenous domination over translation by these colonisers was to the detriment of the Inuit culture, inclusive of its language varieties. Now, as the Inuit have been regaining their intrinsic right to autonomy within a federation focused on French-English bilingualism, they are also confronted with a world increasingly dominated by English. To combat diglossia and revitalise their language varieties, the governments in Inuit Nunangat have been implementing demanding translation policies, and standardisation has emerged as central to their execution. The Qallunaat missionaries who first codified the way the Inuit spoke for translation purposes assumed control over the Inuit writing systems as they split the Inuit into orthographic camps along religious boundaries. Now the Inuit are reclaiming authority over their language varieties as they contemplate the possibility of a unified writing system that preserves their valued oral diversity. The relational dynamics inherent in translation studies proves a fruitful ground for considering the implications of translating the diverse Inuit writing systems into the traditionally Qallunaat concept of a written standard

Linking Constitutional and Environmental Rights: Applying section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to adverse environmental impacts

Many Canadians are currently exposed to adverse environmental impacts on a regular basis, often from activities that have received government authorization. There has been a recent push from mainstream and political actors to incorporate environmental rights into the Canadian legal system to address this issue. Two proposed methods include the enactment of an Environmental Bill of Rights and an amendment to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter) to constitutionalize an explicit right to a healthy environment. However, there are limitations to both of these approaches. A statutory Bill of Rights does not have the teeth of constitutional rights, and an amendment to the Constitution is, due to the strict amendment requirements provided in subsection 38(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982, at best a long-term goal. Section 7 of the Charter – the right to life, liberty, and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice – is another option. The case law on section 7 indicates that serious health risks can cause physical deprivations of security of the person. However, there is legal uncertainty in relation to how specific environmental harms may intersect with the security of the person and how these deprivations would violate the principles of fundamental justice. This thesis concludes that section 7 can apply when the substance of a claim relates to the environment. Specifically, the case law demonstrates that the best argument available for section 7 is that procedural fairness, as a principle of fundamental justice, requires governments to provide specific procedural protections when regulatory approvals pose substantial health risks that interfere with affected individuals’ rights to security of the person. Such approval processes must meet the minimum requirements of procedural fairness when section 7 rights are at stake: notice, participation, and the provision of reasons. Further, the rule of law and the rule against arbitrariness require that final decisions about those projects be made rationally. Decisions must reflect the purpose of the legislation that grants power to the decision-makers, and take into account any factually sound evidence – including scientific evidence – that is presented

International education leadership experiences in Canadian universities: policy and practice

Over the past decade, Canadian universities have experienced significant growth in the numbers of international students and the revenue they represent, a result of both federal policy and the revenue needs of universities. As revenue generation has become an essential element in balancing budgets with international student income as the most significant and stable revenue opportunity, the position of the Senior International Officer (SIO), has inevitably gained prominence. Little empirical research is available on the SIO position, a senior administrative position that exists in most universities in Canada and is accountable for all international activity in Canadian universities. SIOs are expected to add economic value to their institutions and by extension their region or country, as well as to contribute to transformative humanistic goals, such as the development of globally aware graduates (Yemini, 2015). The inherent tension in attracting international students for economic reasons together with the transformative discourse of internationalization is a challenge of SIOs working in Canadian universities. This dissertation explores the impact of the Canadian federal policy context and the expectations of universities with respect to the SIO role on the experiences of those in the role. The focus of the study is on the tensions of the SIO role in balancing expectations to achieve both economic and transformational outcomes, and will employ a qualitative, critical approach. The study itself is divided into three phases: a chronological analysis of federal international education policy in Canada from its beginnings until the present day; a critical discourse analysis of the executive search position briefs through which Canadian universities attract SIOs to the leadership role; and a critical examination of interviews with the incumbents recruited into the university SIO role. The purpose of the research is to understand the experiences of these leaders in carrying out their mandates for campus internationalization. The findings show that SIOs are concerned with the growing focus at this time on internationalization for economic outcomes at both the federal and institutional levels. While SIOs continue to support these economic outcomes, the research shows they find covert ways to implement a more comprehensive internationalization to achieve academic and socio-cultural outcomes. This dissertation demonstrates that SIOs in Canada are committed to a comprehensive approach to internationalization, despite the overwhelming focus on economic outcomes in the discourse of federal policy and institutional expectations and aims for international education

Cultural Circulation

Der Band basiert auf den Vorträgen, die ExpertInnen aus Nordamerika und Europa bei einem internationalen Kolloquium 2010 an der ÖAW über die historischen, kulturellen und literarischen Beziehungen zwischen Kanada und dem amerikanischen Süden gehalten haben. Die Beiträge zu dem breiten und bisher noch nicht systematisch untersuchten Themenkomplex gruppieren sich um vier Schwerpunkte. Sie erhellen demographische Phänomene (und ihre künstlerische Verarbeitung) wie die Vertreibung der Acadiens im 18. Jahrhundert und ihre Ansiedlung in Louisiana (Cajuns) und die Flucht afroamerikanischer Sklaven nach Kanada im 19. Jahrhundert. Besonders aber werden die intertextuellen Beziehungen zwischen AutorInnen aus den Südstaaten der USA (etwa William Faulkner oder Eudora Welty) und von ihnen inspirierten kanadischen SchriftstellerInnen im 20. Jahrhundert (Alice Munro, Jack Hodgins, Margaret Atwood u. a.) untersucht. Der so geführte intensive Dialog zwischen den beiden Kulturräumen wird aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln und mit unterschiedlichen Methoden betrachtet und dabei kultur- und literarhistorisches Neuland betreten. Dies gilt auch für die Erörterung von parallelen gattungsspezifischen Entwicklungen in den beiden Gesellschaften. Neben den über zwanzig wissenschaftlichen Aufsätzen kommt auch das ludische Element in phantasievoll-kreativen Dialogen im Buch zu seinem Recht