Holidays In The Empire (HIST 32) Syllabus

From seedy bars to holy sites, Europeans journeyed to colonized spaces to encounter people and places they would never see at home. This class examines how European peoples participated in the imperial project through their travels. It tackles a history of Europe and empire through different frameworks (Orientalism, gender studies…) and methods (mainly primary source analysis and Web-based tools). Students will examine how Europeans “experienced” empire through travel, including safaris, sex tourism, and mission work. This will include a brief study of European travel themes, such as the Grand Tour, transportation technology, and mass tourism, with our focus mainly on what happened when Europeans vacationed in “their” overseas holdings. As a class, we will also embark on an extended case study of Saharan travel, analyzing guidebooks on the subject and producing a Web site featuring original content and an interactive map

Creating Destinations for a Better Tomorrow

Tourism is today considered as a crucial employment sector in many developing countries. In the growing field of historical tourism research, however, the relationships between tourism and development, and the role of international organizations, above all the UN, have been given little attention to date. My paper will illuminate how during the 1960s tourism first became the subject of UN policies and a praised solution for developing countries. Examples from expert consultancy missions in developing countries such as Ethiopia, India and Nepal will be contextualized within the more general debates and programme activities for heritage conservation and also the first UN development decade. Drawing on sources from the archives of UNESCO, as well as tourism promotion material, it will be possible to understand how tourism sectors in many so-called developing countries were shaped considerably by this international cooperation. Like in other areas of development aid, activities in tourism were grounded in scientific studies and based on statistical data and analysis by international experts. Examining this knowledge production is a telling exercise in understanding development histories colonial legacies under the umbrella of the UN during the 1960s and 1970s

Overcoming Methodological Nationalism in Nationalism Studies: The Impact of Tourism on the Construction and Diffusion of National and Regional Identities

During the last 30 years, our understanding of the nation-building process in various parts of Europe and across the globe has increased substantially. Some of the most important results of this growing body of studies will be discussed in this review article, which consists of four parts. First, I will examine some innovative trends in the field of nationalism studies, such as the growing attention for the impact of nationalism on popular culture and the interplay between regional and national identities. The second part makes clear that the overwhelming majority of existing studies deals with one region or nation, while taking the national framework for granted. By presenting the history of Europe as a collection of (isolated) national histories, most scholars still fall prey to a methodological nationalism. One way to overcome this (implicit) methodological nationalism is to analyse the impact of foreign tourism on the construction and diffusion of national and regional identities. The role of tourism in the construction of territorial identities has already been explored in a growing number of studies. Some of the most important contributions to this field will be reviewed in the third part. Finally, I will argue that the impact of foreign visitors on the nation-building process can best be studied in a comparative way by focusing on local communities as the arena in which the outside influences of an international, national and regional level came together and demanded a local response.Political Culture and National Identit

Follow tradition or hunt for traditionals : a comparison of the tourist map and geocaching as methods for urban discovery

Hur gör man om man vill upptäcka stadslandskap? I uppsatsen jämförs två olika metoder för upptäckande, turistande med en karta som visar målpunkter och den digitala skattjakten Geocaching. Båda metoderna undersöktes under två dagar i Gävle där rörelserna i staden spårades med en app. För att kunna jämföra upptäckarsätten med varandra analyserades staden och delades in i olika upplevda stadsrum. Rörelsekartorna jämfördes med analysen och en slutsats kunde dras om vilken metod som upptäckte vilken typ av stadslandskap. Resultatet visar att båda typerna av målpunkter kan användas för att se en stads historiska delar, men om man vill lära sig om det vardagliga landskapet fungerar geocacher bättre än turistkartans målpunkter.How do we discover urban areas? This study compares two different methods for urban discovery, the tourist map of sights and the digital scavenger hunt Geocaching. A field study was conducted during two days in Gävle where both methods were tested and movements tracked with an app. The city was then analysed in order to compare the methods to each other and divided into different kinds of urban areas. The maps with movements were compared to the analysis and a deduction of which method of urban discovery gave more knowledge of the city could be made. The result shows that both methods can be used to discover a city’s historical areas, but Geocaching is better for the discovery of the day-to-day landscape

Same Rules Apply : Analyzing Image and Identity in Irvine Welsh\u27s Filth in Relation to the Scottish Independence Movement

The purpose of this paper is to examine Irvine Welsh’s 1998 book and 2014 film version of “Filth” through a psychoanalytic lens. Using Jacques Lacan’s theory of the Self and the Other, it can be determined that Bruce Robertson is the Self and the image of his absent wife Carole is the Other since he bases his own identity off of her. The changing reasons why Bruce kills himself in the book and film mimic the reasons behind the Scottish independence movements of 1979, 1997 and 2014. Therefore, it can be determined that Welsh deliberately writes Bruce Robertson to mirror Scotland and its various independence movements through the creation of stereotypical images of himself and his absent wife as well as the acceptance of a fractured identity through his death

Viajeros americanos en la Mallorca del siglo xx. El duro trabajo de los holgazanes

Los viajeros británicos en el siglo xix construyeron la idea de las Illes Balears como un paraíso remoto y aislado. En el siglo xx estos revivieron sus fantasías en las islas dedicados a la realización artística y a la alegría sensual a un precio muy barato. ¿Fue así también para el viajero americano? Este artículo examina hasta qué punto los viajeros estadounidenses siguen el discurso de ocio y placer establecido por los viajeros británicos en Mallorca. Para ello, analizo cuáles son los puntos recurrentes y divergentes entre unos y otros. Los escritores de viajes norteamericanos estudiados cuentan con artistas, bohemios y escritores como William E. Cook, Gertrude Stein, Jesse Metcalf, Frederick Chamberlin o Elliot Paul. También examino la representación no tan halagadora que de los viajeros estadounidenses hacen algunos relatos de viajes británicos. En última instancia, el estudio de estas representaciones nos ayuda a comprender la construcción de una visión particular en la actual industria turística y literatura popular norteamericana en las islas.British travelers in the nineteenth century created the construct of the Balearic Islands as a remote and isolated paradise. In the twentieth century, they reified their fantasies about the islands as places devoted to artistic fulfilment, and sensual joy at a very cheap cost. Was this also true for the American traveler? This article examines to what extent American travelers followed the discourse of leisure and pleasure established by British travelers on the island of Mallorca. I will therefore analyze what are the recurring and diverging points. The travel writers examined range from artists, bohemians and writers such as William E. Cook, Gertrude Stein, and Jesse Metcalf, to Frederick Chamberlin and Elliot Paul. British travel accounts will also be reviewed in order to analyze the not-so-flattering representations of American travelers. Ultimately, the study of these representations will help us to see whether these differences have helped create a particular view of the islands for the present day American travel market coming to Mallorca and in current popular travel literature

“The Lost Apostrophe”?: Race, the roots journey and the “Rose of Tralee” pageant

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record.Building on recent scholarship on discourses of race in twentieth-century and contemporary Ireland, this article examines the racialised nature of the “roots journey”, in which subjects of Irish descent–typically white Irish Americans–travel back to Ireland to trace their roots. Outlining arguments that have emphasised both the reactionary and radical potential of the practices of genealogy and the search for roots, the article focuses on recent developments in the Rose of Tralee contest, an annual beauty pageant in which women of Irish descent compete for the title “Rose of Tralee”. Noting that three winners since 1998 (and several other competitors since 1994) have been of mixed race ancestry, and emphasising the subsequent roots journeys undertaken by two of these winners to the Philippines and India, respectively, the article questions whether these roots journey, taking non-white subjects of Irish descent out of Ireland rather than into it, may offer the potential of decoupling “Irishness” and “whiteness” in radical new ways

Colonial tours : the leisure and anxiety of empire in travel writing from Java, Ceylon and the straits settlements, 1840-1875

Defence date: 11 October 2019Examining Board: Prof Jorge Flores, European University Institute, (Supervisor); Prof Lucy Riall, European University Institute; Prof Marieke Bloembergen, Leiden University; Dr Mark Frost, University of EssexThis thesis examines the development and transformation of mid-nineteenth-century colonialism on Dutch Java and the British colonies of Ceylon and the Straits Settlements through a carefully contextualized, critical analysis of the corpus of popular colonial travel writing published on these areas in Dutch and English in the period. The analysis is undertaken on two levels: on the one hand, through a close reading of a body of about twenty travel books and the representation of colonial societies therein; and on the other, through a consideration of the concrete changes that were taking place on the ground and the corresponding debates within communities and on the pages of the colonial press. What emerges from the exercise is a significant double movement in nineteenthcentury imperialism, whereby an influx of European newcomers – settlers, officials, soldiers etc. that moved into the region in order to take advantage of the opportunities offered by rapid administrative and territorial expansion – disrupted the pre-existing norms and habits of established colonial elites; and, while doing so, employed the genre of popular travel writing as a tool to firmly establish and legitimise the new conception of empire they represented on a cultural level. The genre, seemingly frivolous but in fact intensely political, deliberately employed the characteristics of the tourist culture then fashionable in Europe in order to transpose metropolitan cultural and social norms on colonial life, doing away with the tropes of imperial adventure and tropical exoticism prevalent in the travel writing of the preceding decades. The analysis focuses specifically on how this new mode of colonial leisure related to and modified understandings of three themes: the so-called social and cultural anxieties of empire; the emerging and increasingly professionalised colonial sciences; and the contemporary notions of race and racial boundaries

Selling the African wilds : a history of the safari tourism industry in East Africa, 1900-1939

This dissertation examines the rise and development of the safari tourism industry in the British East Africa Protectorate (later Kenya) between 1900 and 1939. It shows how the establishment of British rule and the introduction of modern transportation technology made East Africa accessible and gradually transformed the region into a tourist attraction of great economic value that would come to be managed by imperial powers, advertised in a globalized marketplace, and visited by tourists who desired to hunt, photograph, and observe East Africa’s abundant wildlife on an adventure known as the “safari.” It became a lucrative business. Numerous outfitters, safari and travel companies, guides, and other safari workers entered the business and helped to make the industry a model of its kind in Africa. As the safari trade expanded and animal populations came under pressure, however, this industry began to adopt new, eco-friendly forms of wildlife tourism that could preserve the main elements of the tourist safari while reducing its toll on wildlife populations, a shift exemplified by the introduction of motorized tours, photographic and filmmaking safaris, and the quest to establish national parks. The research presented in this study, drawn from archival collections across three continents, demonstrates that the four decades between 1900 and 1939 became a crucial phase in the development of safari tourism in Kenya. During this time, safari tourism became a leading sector of the regional economy and gave rise to a highly developed commercial and institutional infrastructure that laid the foundations of modern wildlife tourism in Kenya. At the same time, the safari industry became a product of the British Empire, shaped by the laws, institutions, and attitudes of colonial rule. While the introduction of British rule and the arrival of British colonists promoted tourist development, built roads and railways, ensured a degree of security demanded by travelers, and linked foreign tourists with Africa, it also relegated indigenous Africans to subordinate positions in the industry, and forcibly relocated African settlements to make way for parks and tourist spaces. This meant that the prerogatives of the tourism industry often clashed with indigenous ideas of land use and economic management, instead serving the interests of the British community in Kenya who owned and controlled the trade. Thus, the development of safari tourism under the aegis of the British colonial state aided the material development of the industry, but also created economic, social, and racial inequalities that remain evident to the present day.Histor

A imagem da nação: as Casas de Portugal no estrangeiro durante o Estado Novo

A presente dissertação analisa o trabalho desenvolvido pelas Casas de Portugal no estrangeiro durante o Estado Novo. Estas delegações procuraram levar a cabo uma ação de propaganda do país e do regime no exterior, cuja agenda contemplava a área comercial, turística, cultural e também política. Inicialmente, as Casas de Portugal começaram por ser centros oficiais de informação, no entanto, acabariam por desempenhar um papel importante na defesa da imagem da nação. Com efeito, este trabalho questiona de que modo é que as Casas de Portugal se moldaram ao longo das várias décadas para responder às políticas e prioridades estratégicas de promoção da nação no exterior. Avalia ainda a evolução das mesmas no que diz respeito ao seu funcionamento e organização, de modo a que correspondesse à discriminação de audiências e de públicos internacionais diferenciados, e sensível às áreas geográficas onde foram instaladas. A Casa de Portugal de Nova Iorque é escolhida como caso de estudo, sendo, para o efeito, levado a cabo uma análise detalhada da ação da mesma nas suas várias vertentes de atuação.This dissertation analyses the work carried out by the Casas de Portugal abroad during the Estado Novo regime. These delegations sought to carry out a propaganda campaign for the country and the regime overseas, whose agenda included the commercial, tourist, cultural and political areas. In effect, this study questions how the Casas de Portugal were shaped over the decades to respond to the policies and strategic priorities for promoting the nation and evaluates their evolution in terms of their operation and organization, acting on differentiated international audiences, while sensitive to the geographical areas where they were installed. The Casa de Portugal in New York has been chosen as a case study, and, for this purpose, a detailed analysis of the action in its various aspects of performance is carried out