To what extent the World Health Organization\u27s policies of antimicrobial resistance are implemented in Egyptian hospitals.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem. In the Egyptian hospitals, the problem was discovered since 2006; however, seven years ago, this problem drew the attention to be one of the major risk factors worldwide and in the Egyptian hospitals as well. International organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) tried to find different solutions to prevent transmission of these communicable diseases from country to another by setting different guidelines and standards to be followed by countries. The case is to assess the barriers to implementation of objectives and guidelines of WHO in one of the biggest public Egyptian hospitals, in order to have enough knowledge and gather information about the current situation in Egypt. In order to fulfill these objectives, a case study from a large public hospital was extensively studied through qualitative research methods including interviews and observational studies. Findings of the current research are most relevant to public hospitals which serve a huge sector in developing countries. Behavioral factors such as weak managerial support, lack of communication between healthcare departments, absent standards and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, and subjective decisions in managing patients\u27 cases are among the major factors contributing to the problem. Nonbehavioral factors such as inadequate infrastructure and poor resources are also existing. The results give a substantial contribution in identifying the behavioral causes of the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) problem in Egypt and shed light on the possible solutions

Diversity of acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Egypt

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen, frequently associated with morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients due to the immuno-ablative treatments, neutropenia and prolonged hospitalization. The ability of A. baumannii to survive in the healthcare setting makes it a frequent problematic pathogen in cancer centres. Much of the interest in A. baumannii has been attributed to its remarkable rapid acquisition of resistance mechanisms A. baumannii is an excellent example of genetic plasticity, with its ability to acquire and express resistance in plasmids and chromosome particularly to carbapenems The aim of this thesis is to look at the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of 34 non-duplicate A. baumannii in two cancer centres in Cairo, Egypt. Initial sequencing of the ubiquitous blaOXA-51-like gene revealed a large diversity within the strains, with eight different genes identified: blaOXA-64, blaOXA-65, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-71, blaOXA-78, blaOXA-94, blaOXA-89/100. Typing with Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) showed an overall similarity at only 28.69% between the isolates, with variation in pattern for isolates with similar blaOXA-51-like genes. Typing with Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) identified 6 new Sequence Types: ST408 - ST414, in addition to ST331 and ST108 which have been previously found in other regions of the world. All three OXA-type carbapenemases: blaOXA23, blaOXA40 and blaOXA58, responsible for conferring carbapenem resistance were found in the collection studied. Insertion sequences ISAba1, ISAba2 and ISAba3 have been found to upregulate the expression of blaOXA genes. ISAba1 was found upstream of blaOXA23 in 18 strains in this collection The first report of ISAba2 was identified upstream of a blaOXA-51-like gene in this collection. Additionally, ISAba3 was bracketing the blaOXA58 genes, and two isolates harboured hybrid promoters with IS1006 and IS1008 interrupting the upstream ISAba3 sequence. Resistance to Ceftazidime was mediated by Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes belonging to PER-like group: blaPER-1, blaPER-7 and the first report of blaPER-3 gene and its genetic environment in A. baumannii. In conclusion, this study shows the diversity exhibited by A. baumannii in Egypt. The various resistance mechanisms illustrate the ability of A. baumannii in acquiring and expressing resistance genes, either on plasmids or in the chromosome. Furthermore, the results indicate an urgent need to strict infection control policies and surveillance of antimicrobial use in Egyptian hospitals

Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2012 program committee (www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Molecular epidemiology -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Risk Assessment -- Laboratory Support -- Zoonotic and Animal Diseases -- Viral Hepatitis -- E1. Zoonotic and animal diseases -- E2. Vaccine issues -- E3. H1N1 influenza -- E4. Novel surveillance systems -- E5. Antimicrobial resistance -- E6. Late-breakers I -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- Laboratory support -- Early warning systems -- H1N1 influenza -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Modeling -- Molecular epidemiology -- Novel surveillance systems -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- Strengthening public health systems -- Immigrant and refugee health -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Molecular epidemiology -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Vaccine-preventable diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- H1N1 influenza -- laboratory support -- effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- new vaccines -- vector-borne diseases and climate change -- travelers' health -- J1. Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- J2. Policy implications and infectious diseases -- J3. Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- J4. Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- J5. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response I -- J6. Late-breakers II -- Strengthening public health systems -- Bacterial/viral coinfections -- H1N1 influenza -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New challenges for old vaccines -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Novel surveillance systems -- Geographic information systems (GIS) -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vaccine preventable diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Laboratory support -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Laboratory proficiency testing/quality assurance -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Role of health communication -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Host and microbial genetics -- Respiratory infections in special populations -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Laboratory support -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Vulnerable populations -- Global vaccine initiatives -- Tuberculosis -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Infectious causes of chronic diseases -- O1. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response II -- O2. Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- O3. Populations at high risk for infectious diseases -- O4. Foodborne and waterborne infections -- O5. Laboratory support: surveillance and monitoring infections -- O6. Late-breakers IIIAbstracts published in advance of the conference

Effectiveness of antipseudomonal antibiotics and mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading human pathogen that causes serious infections at various tissues and organs leading to life threatening health problems and possible deadly outcomes. Resistance patterns vary widely whether it is from hospitals or community acquired infections. Reporting resistance profiles to a certain antibiotics provide valuable information in a given setting, but may be extrapolated outside the sampling location. In the present study, P. aeruginosa isolates were screened to determine their susceptibilities against antipseudomonal antimicrobial agents and possible existing mechanisms of resistance were determined. Eighty-six isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered. Isolates representing different resistance profiles were screened for the existence of three different resistance mechanisms including drug inactivation due to metallo-?-lactamases, drug impermeability by outer membrane proteins and drug efflux. All tested isolates showed uniform susceptibility (100%, n = 86/86) to piperacillin, meropenem, amikacin, and polymyxin B. A single isolate was found to be imipenem resistant (99%, n = 85/86). The possible mechanisms of resistance of P. aeruginosa to imipenem involve active drug efflux pumps, outer membrane impermeability as well as drug inactivating enzymes. These findings demonstrate the fundamental importance of the in vitro susceptibility testing of antibiotics prior to antipseudomonal therapy and highlight the need for a continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs to monitor the changing resistance patterns so that clinicians and health care officials are updated as to the most effective therapeutic agents to combat the serious outcomes of P. aeruginosa infections.Scopu

Effectiveness of antipseudomonal antibiotics and mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading human pathogen that causes serious infections at various tissues and organs leading to life threatening health problems and possible deadly outcomes. Resistance patterns vary widely whether it is from hospitals or community acquired infections. Reporting resistance profiles to a certain antibiotics provide valuable information in a given setting, but may be extrapolated outside the sampling location. In the present study, P. aeruginosa isolates were screened to determine their susceptibilities against antipseudomonal antimicrobial agents and possible existing mechanisms of resistance were determined. Eighty-six isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered. Isolates representing different resistance profiles were screened for the existence of three different resistance mechanisms including drug inactivation due to metallo-?-lactamases, drug impermeability by outer membrane proteins and drug efflux. All tested isolates showed uniform susceptibility (100%, n = 86/86) to piperacillin, meropenem, amikacin, and polymyxin B. A single isolate was found to be imipenem resistant (99%, n = 85/86). The possible mechanisms of resistance of P. aeruginosa to imipenem involve active drug efflux pumps, outer membrane impermeability as well as drug inactivating enzymes. These findings demonstrate the fundamental importance of the in vitro susceptibility testing of antibiotics prior to antipseudomonal therapy and highlight the need for a continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs to monitor the changing resistance patterns so that clinicians and health care officials are updated as to the most effective therapeutic agents to combat the serious outcomes of P. aeruginosa infections.Scopu

Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2008 program committee, which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change.Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Slide Sessions -- Foodborne & waterborne diseases I -- Influenza I -- Surveillance: International -- Zoonotic & animal diseases I -- Methicillin-resistant stapylococcal infections -- Vectorborne diseases -- Foodborne & waterborne diseases II -- Influenza II -- Surveillance: Domestic -- Zoonotic & animal diseases II -- Noscomial infections -- Respiratory diseases -- Health communications -- Blood, organ, & tissue safety -- Tropical diseases -- New rapid diagnostics -- Mobile populations & infectious diseases -- Vaccine-preventable diseases -- Tuberculosis -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- -- Poster Abstracts -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Climate changes -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Health communication -- Infectious causes of chronic diseases -- Influenza -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Nosocomial infections -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Travelers' health & disease importation -- Tropical infections & parasitic diseases -- Vector-borne diseases -- Women, gender, sexual minorities & infectious diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Emerging aspects of HIV -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Health communication -- Molecular epidemiology -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Poverty & infectious diseases -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Tropical infections & parasitic diseases -- Vector-borne diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Blood, organ, & other tissue safety -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Host & microbial genetics -- Influenza -- Molecular epidemiology -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Prevention effectiveness, cost effectiveness, & cost studies -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Vector-borne diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Bioterrorism preparedness -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Healthcare worker safety -- Influenza -- Laboratory proficiency testing/quality assurance -- Modeling -- Nosocomial infections -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Vector-borne diseases -- Viral hepatitis -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Influenza -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Nosocomial infections -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Social determinants of infectious disease disparities -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Tuberculosis -- Vector-borne diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- -- Additional Poster Abstracts.Abstracts published in advance of the conference

Emerg Infect Dis

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2022 program committee (http://www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. ICEID is organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Task Force for Global Health, Inc.Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Suggested citation: Authors. Title [abstract]. International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2022 poster and oral presentation abstracts. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/pdfs/ICEID2022.pdf2022PMC94238981187

One Health and zoonoses activities at 17 select international locations : April 2012-May 2013

Compiled by the One Health Office, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Welcome to the second annual report of One Health and Zoonoses projects that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is conducting at 17 international sites, including 15 countries, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The purpose of this Report is to facilitate communication, collaboration, and coordination of animal-human interface activities in order to maximize the impact of CDC's global presence. The Report is prepared by the One Health Office (OHO), National Center for Emerging and Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), CDC.This Report describes collaboration between CDC field staff and subject matter experts stationed in Atlanta, GA and Fort Collins, CO. During the period covered by the Report, April 2012 through May 2013, support for international staff and projects came primarily from CDC core funding; the US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Global Affairs; the CDC Global Disease Detection Program; and the CDC NCEZID Emerging Pandemic Threats program allocation. Feedback following release of the first Report included requests for greater uniformity of information among different sites and provision of in-country contact information; the current report addresses these concerns. In addition, we were asked to specifically address the issue of how a CDC country office or animal-human interface assignee can prioritize zoonotic diseases in-country. Thoughtful prioritization was seen as necessary for seeking and allocating funding, identifying diseases and locations for surveillance activities, and increasing the efficiency of program activities and public health impact. In response to this request we have developed a semi-quantitative prioritization tool that is currently being piloted at several sites. We look forward to distributing this tool more widely in the near future.Table One includes all 15 countries and presents an overview of One Health and Zoonoses related parameters across the sites. Information for the table originates from a variety of sources, including reports from CDC Country Offices and formal reports from Ministries. The remainder of the Report is presented by country, or organization (i.e., OIE and FAO). This section contains country profiles and country-specific tables that provide greater detail regarding individual projects as well as general and project related contact information.Foreword -- Table of international One Health and zoonoses activities -- Country and International Organization Profiles: Bangladesh; China; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Egypt; Guatemala; India; Indonesia; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Nigeria; Republic of Georgia; South Africa; Thailand; Uganda; Vietnam; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; World Organisation for Animal Health -- Acronyms -- Table definitions -- AHI officer contact information.2013Other681