Tunes Of Development: An Alternative Lens To Analyse Development (Study Case: Navicula Band Addresses Environmental And Social Problems In Indonesia)

This study aims to describe an alternative approach to analyse development issues by using popular culture as the lens of analysis. Through the analysis of tunes of development, this study argues development should be measured not only through the conventional way of measuring development by economic indicators, primarily measuring GDP (Gross Domestic Products), but also considering culture aspect to achieve a comprehensive measuring of development. Using study case of Navicula Band in its efforts to address environmental and social problems in Indonesia, this study shows an overview about the key to comprehensive development by analysing the society and its culture. This study used qualitative research method and literature review as the data collection techni

Indie Music in Post-bomb Bali: Participant Practices, Scene Subjectivities

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2015This dissertation focuses on music practices that have been largely uncharted in Balinese music studies. In the twelve years following the 2002 terrorist bombings, during which time an economic downturn and subsequent accelerated tourism development and urbanization transformed southern Bali, several rock bands rose to national and international acclaim and, alongside other music professionals committed to the creative, professional, and social vitality of local music making, built a thriving independent music scene. By 2014, Bali was home to some of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful bands in the Indonesian recording industry's history--though industry accolades were often tangential achievements for many music producers. What did preoccupy them is key to understanding the scene's historic growth and staying power. Shared preoccupations with style and genre, creativity, professional ethics, activism, and belonging deepened social bonds by coalescing attention around core social, environmental, and musical issues. Based on six years of knowing Bali's indie music producers as research interlocutors, colleagues, and friends, this study examines scene practices including rehearsals, performances, album production, tours, music activism, and "hanging out" (nongkrong) as conduits by which core ideals were created and shared. Research methods, derived from anthropology and ethnomusicology, included participation in scene practices, recorded interviews, casual conversations, and attention to "material culture," including hard copy and digital albums, music videos, and band merchandise. By applying theories derived from sociological phenomenology and symbolic interactionism, this study argues that habitual, music-related activities, as social interaction, establish subjective preoccupations that, as they come to be mutually valued, strengthen social alliances, sustain otherwise untenable music professions, and influence broader social and environmental issues. In post-bomb Bali, music-related practices were strategies for defining social relationships and inspiring collective action to both make a music scene happen and safeguard an island's diverse artistic, societal, and natural ecology

Glacial isostatic adjustment and relative sea level change over the last earthquake cycle in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA

Using observations of land surface deformation, sea level change and geophysical modelling, this thesis considers the interactions of ice mass fluctuations and tectonic deformation over the last great earthquake cycle in south central Alaska. Reconstructions of relative sea level change over the last 900 years, based upon extensive lithological, biostratigraphical and chronological investigations of salt marsh sequences in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska, record changes in marine influence and the direction of sea level that do not fit the expected interseismic model of land level movements. Dating of the sequences suggests the changes in RSL occurred sometime through c. AD 1600 – 1900, during the middle and late phases of Little Ice Age ice mass balance changes. The chronological methods used comprise a multi-method approach: 210Pb, 137Cs, stable lead (206Pb/207Pb) ratios, pollutants associated with the history of regional gold mining and development, tephrochronology and AMS 14C wiggle match dating. The research highlights some of the limitations of applying some of these dating methodologies to recent, high latitude, salt marshes. GIA modelling identifies part of the GPS measured present day uplift in upper Cook Inlet as attributable to post Little Ice Age (AD 1200 – 1900) glacial isostatic adjustment, with a spatial signal over tens of kilometres. A set of viable Earth models, constrained by GPS data and the pattern of post-seismic displacement quantifies the relative displacement and deformation of the ocean geoid at a series of locations in south central Alaska over the past 1000 years. Modelling results show the asthenosphere viscosity and thickness to be the main rheological controls on relative displacement during the last earthquake deformation cycle. Integration of the geological data and geophysical model results show RSL in upper Cook Inlet during the last earthquake deformation cycle is a combination of tectonic land-level changes, ‘local’ processes, glacial isostatic adjustment and deformation of the ocean geoid. To fully quantify the relative contribution of each mechanism requires improvements in the methods of RSL reconstruction, dating of recent salt marsh sediments and GIA modelling

Production and preservation of the Arctic sea ice diatom biomarker IP25

The presence of the sea ice biomarker IP25 in Arctic marine sediments has previously been used as a proxy measure of past sea ice conditions in the Arctic. Although the sea ice diatom origin of IP25 was established previously, the nature of its production within sea ice, along with its transport through the water column to underlying sediments and its short-term preservation therein, had not been investigated in any significant detail. Variations in the concentration of the sea ice diatom biomarker IP25, were measured in sea ice collected from the eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf from January to June 2008. Temporal and vertical changes in IP25 concentrations were compared against other established indicators of sea ice algal production to determine, for the first time, that approximately 90% of the total sea ice IP25 accumulation occurred coincident with the ice algal bloom period. It was further established that IP25 biosynthesis was restricted, by sea ice porosity, to within the lower few centimetres of the sea ice and specifically to where brine volume fractions were >5%. Concentration differences of IP25 between sea ice and filtered seawater samples were also compared with those of established lipid indicators of algal production to estimate the dispersion of these lipids following seasonal sea ice melt. The largest concentration differences between sea ice and seawater samples were observed for IP25 and some other HBIs, consistent with a sea ice origin, while concentrations of fatty acids and sterols suggested contributions from both sea ice and phytoplankton. A novel analysis of a range of macrofaunal species revealed the presence of IP25 and other HBIs, with distributions somewhat resembling those observed in sea ice but more closely reflecting distributions of HBIs measured in sediments. As such, it is hypothesised that IP25 and HBI distributions in macrofaunal species reflect those of the sediments in which they live. The presence of IP25 and HBIs in macrofaunal species revealed, for the first time, a significant potential for biological cycling and storage of IP25 and other HBIs in the Arctic resulting from exposure during transport of the biomarker between sea ice and sediment. The observed presence of IP25 in 75% of the specimens investigated has presented important evidence for the potential of IP25 to act as a tracer of Arctic sea ice diet in the marine food web. Measurement of the downcore profiles of IP25 in shallow marine sediments alongside other biogeochemical parameters provided new evidence for the early diagenesis of this biomarker. Statistical correlations between some IP25 and Mn/Ti profiles (Station 405b; r = 0.89), that aid determination of the oxygen penetration depth, provided novel evidence for the partial degradation of IP25 (and other HBIs) in the upper sediment sections considered to be oxic. As such, it is suggested here, for the first time, that reactions under oxic conditions could be responsible for degradation of HBIs in some Arctic marine sediments, with the supply of organic carbon influential on the depth of oxygen penetration. The observations recorded in this thesis have therefore offered a much greater understanding of the concentration and distribution of IP25 and related lipids in a wide range of Arctic environments including sea ice, seawater, macrofauna and sediments, than was previously known. Since in most cases these observations represent the first of their kind, it is anticipated that the work carried out here will play an important role, forming the foundation of many important future studies.NER

Comparative laboratory study of photoacclimation in selected dinoflagellate and diatom species of the Benguela ecosystem

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-161).In their natural environment the diatoms (mixers) are exposed to fluctuations in incident irradiance due to vertical displacements in the water column induced by turbulence whereas the dinoflagellates (migrators and layer-formers) tend to control their vertical positions. In these two groups of phytoplankton physiological acclimation to these fluctuations results in the variation of a number of measurable photosynthetic parameters and variables which can be evaluated in controlled laboratory experiments. The processes can be expressed in time scales from seconds to hours e.g. carbon to chlorophyll ratio changes over several hours. Photoacclimative responses in five species of dinoflagellates (Alexandrium catenella, Protoceratium reticulatum, Prorocentrum micans, Prorocentrum triestinum, Gymnodinium zeta) and three diatom species (Chaetoceros sp., C. capense, C. cf. pendulus) were investigated with respect to parameters of P versus E curves (P*m, α* and Ek) and variability in chemical composition (C and N), photosynthetic capacity, pigment ratios, maximum quantum yield and chlorophyll to carbon ratio. These species were grown at irradiances of 33 (LL), 178 (ML) and 647 μmol quanta . m-2 . s-1 (HL) at a 12:12h day: night length at 17 ºC. The photosynthetic parameters, pigment concentration and Chl a-specific absorption were mostly affected by photoacclimational status. Species-specific differences were observed at the three different light levels in P versus E curves, pigment concentrations, absorption, carbon to chlorophyll a ratios and quantum yield. Photoprotective carotenoids (diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin) were significantly different relative to Chl a in eight species of dinoflagellates and diatoms

Scientific Information on Gulf of Mannar - A Bibliography

Gulf of Mannar in the southeast coast of India extends from Rameswaram Island in the north to Kanyakumari in the south. It has a chain of 21 islands stretching from Mandapam to Tuticorin to a distance of 140 km along the coast. Each one of the islands is located anywhere between 2 and 10 km from the mainland. The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve was set up on 18th February 1989 jointly by the Government of India and the state of Tamilnadu. The government of Tamilnadu in G.O. M.S. No 962 dated 10th September 1986 notified under section 35(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 the intention to declare the 21 islands as Marine National Park for the purpose of protecting marine wildlife and its environment including depths of 3.5 fathoms on the bay side to 5 fathoms on the seaward side. The compilation of all available scientific literature in the form of an annotated bibliography of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve has brought to light the existence of nearly 3,000 publications up to date. This covers the literature published from as early as 1864 to the current year. A large number of publications in the first half of the 20th century have brought out information on the variety of fauna and flora found in the Gulf of Mannar, their biology and ecology. A lot of emphasis on the fish and fisheries research has been given only in the second half of the 20th century. Emphasis is being given on biochemical aspects of flora and fauna in the later part of the 20th century and at present

Patterns and processes in the epilithic communities of a stony lake shore.

PhDThis study on the littoral of Crosemere has shown that complex direct and indirect interactions exist between larvae of the gallery-building caddis Tinodes waeneri, the filamentous macro-alga Cladophora glomerata, and the larvae of several species of retreat-building chironomids. Co-existence between these species is facilitated by spatial and temporal patchiness in dispersal ability and behaviour by the dominant grazer/competitor Tinodes waeneri. Tinodes eats Cladophora and thus indirectly controls the abundance of chironomids which associate with the Cladophora mat. Adult oviposition under trees determines the initial distribution of Tinodes and several chironomids. While these latter can probably rapidly disperse by swimming, Tinodes dispersal is more limited. This creates spatial refugia for Cladophora and chironomids in areas of the littoral away from trees. Local-scale, temporal refugia are created by Cladophora being able to 'grow away' from Tinodes during periods in spring when Cladophora colonizes more vigorously than Tinodes. Local-scale spatial refugia are also created by modes' apparent reluctance to colonize taller stones. This spatial and temporal patchiness in species interactions in the littoral is set against a background of lake-wide, temporal variation which appears to constrain the entire littoral habitat. The summer stratification of Crosemere into upper and lower layers causes the surface waters, probably including also the littoral, to be seasonally nutrient-limited, particularly in nitrogen. This in turn will limit primary production in the littoral and thus also secondary production. The epilithic species studied all appeared to be food-limited in summer. The dominance of the Crosemere littoral by retreat-dwelling species may partly be due to their ability to recycle limited nutrients within or on their retreats and so to consume more algae than is otherwise available to mobile species.Natural Environment Research council (NERC