Professional competency-based analysis of continuing tensions between education and training in higher education

Purpose The education and training of construction graduates are highly influenced by the higher education institutions which produced them and the relevant professional bodies, which set the competencies that guide both academic and industrial learning. Thus, it is important to ascertain what the key stakeholders perceive construction graduates should achieve in competencies. Construction is a practice-oriented collection of professions, thus, this research focussed on the quantity surveying (QS) profession that is responsible for cost control and management of construction projects, and accredited by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the expected level of competencies attained by QS graduates, assess the industry perception of the achievement of competencies by QS graduates, and the ranking of competencies in the order of perceived importance. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted three different data gathering phases to include literature review, expert forum, and two surveys – industry and academia. Findings The research revealed unrealistically high expectations by the construction industry of QS graduates achieving a high level of competency in ten mandatory, seven core, and seven optional competencies. The research found that there were significant levels of dissatisfaction with the expected level of achievement of mandatory, core, and optional competencies by the QS graduates. Thus, a perception gap was identified between the academia and the industry. Practical implications This research will provide a benchmarking tool for curricula alignment for the construction degree programmes in higher education. Originality/value The identification of the exact nature of industry competencies requirements and any variations will assist the construction graduates to connect more effectively to the industry. These research findings confirm the need for continued expansion of curricula and diversification of pedagogies

Ex. 280-US-454

A preliminary draft of the comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon, on Limiting Factor Analysis, February 1993

Multi-Sector General Permit Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan

Stormwater discharges from industrial activities at Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico (SNL/NM) are eligible for coverage under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP). This Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) was prepared by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia (NTESS) for the Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Sandia Field Office (SFO), owner of SNL/NM, located in Albuquerque, NM. This SWPPP was prepared in compliance with the 2015 MSGP (effective June 4, 2015) and includes a description, potential pollutant sources, and control measures for each permitted site; and stormwater monitoring and compliance plans

Ex. 277-US-424

A draft fish survey report on comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon from July 1994

Ex. 279-US-445

A draft fish survey report on comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon from July 1994

Ex. 280-US-454

A preliminary draft of the comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon, on Limiting Factor Analysis, February 1993

Ex. 281-US-429

A draft fish survey report on comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon from July 1994

Ex. 279-US-445

A draft fish survey report on comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon from July 1994

Ex. 277-US-424

A draft fish survey report on comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon from July 1994

Ex. 281-US-429

A draft fish survey report on comprehensive analysis for water rights claims in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon from July 1994