836 research outputs found

    How Dangerous, the Protestant Stranger? Huguenots and the Formation of British Identity c. 1685-1715

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    Searches for the Significant: Robert Zemeckis\u27 Cast Away as a Late Twentieth Century Response to Daniel Defoe\u27s Robinson Crusoe

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    Daniel Defoe\u27s Robinson Crusoe has over the centuries become one of the most mythologized characters of Western literature. In the most recent adaptation of this novel, the film Cast Away (directed by Robert Zemeckis), Defoe\u27s treatment of Crusoe\u27s spiritual awakening has been highlighted. Postmodern man, as represented by efficiency expert Chuck Noland, is faced with a search for Meaning similar to that which Defoe\u27s economic man embarks upon when isolated from humanity 300 years earlier. This essay examines the way Cast Away deals with the ever present paradox of faith in a Divine Plan and belief in individualism and the free will

    Working for the crown: German migrants and Britain's commercial success in the early eighteenth-century American colonies

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    Working for the Crown: German Migrants and Britain's Commercial Success in the Early Eighteenth-century American Colonies Relaxation in the movement of foreigners into Britain and the origins of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act of 1708 (7 Ann c 5) have been seen to lie in the arrival of religious refugees in England and the unsuitability of existing legislation to accommodate large numbers of foreigners. This paper proposes that trade and commercial interests in the American colonies promoted the cause of naturalisation by inciting German migration, causing Parliament to relax access to the domestic labour market and crucially allow German labour to be trafficked to the colonies. Reform was dictated by the needs of commerce and colonial enterprise, not just by politicians, courtiers and bureaucrats in London. The passing of the Naturalization Act (1708) and the subsequent General Naturalization Act (1709) both took advantage of European warfare and economic destruction, and were a direct response to the colonial needs to source continental labour. The Acts owed much to colonial Americans like Carolina Governor John Archdale who, like his co-religionist neighbour William Penn, acted in the interest of commerce and the colonial classes, broadening the base of non-Anglican access to the colonies. Opportunities afforded to German migrants in the American colonies, in particular, grew from this signal legislative change. This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Verlag C.H.Beck

    Working for the Crown. German Migrants and Britain’s Commercial Success in the early eighteenth-century American Colonies

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    Relaxation in the movement of foreigners into Britain and the origins of the Foreign Protestants Naturalisation Act of 1708 (7 Ann c 5) have been seen to lie in the arrival of religious refugees in England and the unsuitability of existing legislation to accommodate large numbers of foreigners. This paper proposes that trade and commercial interests in the American Colonies promoted the cause of Naturalisation by inciting German migration, causing Parliament to relax access to the domestic labour market, and crucially allow German labour to be trafficked to the Colonies. Reform was dictated by the needs of commerce and colonial enterprise, not just by politicians, courtiers and bureaucrats in London. The passing of the Naturalisation Act (1708) and subsequent General Naturalisation Act (1709) both took advantage of Europan warfare and economic disruction and was a direct response to colonial needs to source continental labour. The Act owed much to colonial Americans like Carolina Governor John Archdale who, like his co-religionist neighbour William Penn, acted in the interest of commerce and the colonial classes, broadening the base of non-Anglican access to the Colonies. Opportunities afforded German migrants in the American Colonies, in particular, grew from this signal legislative change.This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Verlag C.H.Beck

    Strangers Come to Devour the Land: Changing Views of Foreign Migrants in Early Eighteenth-Century England

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    This article investigates the debates surrounding immigration to England some three hundred years ago and considers why it was that between the 1680s and the 1710s a discernible change occurred in how migrants were treated. Work on the emergence of a “British” Protestant identity and its relationship with continental Europe, on changing ideas of Englishness and on the campaign for a relaxation in rights of access to the English and colonial labor market are considered. The shift in popular and political responses to the arrival of refugees in England in 1709 provides a contrast to the charitable welcome extended to migrants a generation before and offers an opportunity to see that views of foreign migrants changed for a combination of reasons. True vocalization of “England’s first nationalist revolution” of 1688-89 came one generation later in 1709. Then, the first full pronouncement of a rhetoric of “suitability” for English society and of economic utility meant that a refugee community was denied Protestant charity, denied employment, and was directed away from England’s shores.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Brill via http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-1234251

    Crusoe's Farther Adventures: Discovery, Trade, and the Law of Nations

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    This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41467674?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.No abstract is available for this item

    Samuel Richardson and the "Jew Bill" of 1753: A new political context for Sir Charles Grandison

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    Analysis of the religious politics of Samuel Richardson’s The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753-4) focuses on the text’s Catholic and post-Jacobite aspects. This essay argues that there is a more immediate political context for understanding religious tolerance in the novel: the Jewish Naturalisation Act of 1753. Grandison was printed during 1753, when this controversial legislation was passed and repealed. The novel contains Richardson’s only Jewish character, Solomon Merceda, and an exploration of debate over the Act reveals similarities between the assumptions and language of the pamphlet literature, and those found in the novel. Although he began printing his text during 1753, Richardson still had opportunities during this year to revise and even to write parts of it. There is also evidence that friends who read and discussed drafts for him during this period were amongst the Act’s promoters. The essay concludes that the Act is an unacknowledged political context for this important novel that would have been part of original readers’ experience of it, and suggests that the idea of tolerance which emerges from this reading may inflect our understanding of Grandison’s representation of religious difference more generally

    Recentering Foreign Affairs Preemption in Arizona v. United States: Federal Plenary Power, the Spheres of Government, and the Constitutionality of S.B. 1070

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    Is foreign affairs preemption concerning immigration an all or nothing approach as the different lower courts and immigration scholars contend? The purpose of this article is to answer this question by recentering foreign affairs preemption in accordance with constitutional intent, an objective reading of Supreme Court precedent, and then reassembling the whole into a workable doctrine. This article will accomplish this in three parts. First, this article provides a brief examination of the plenary power doctrine over immigration, and its constructs according to the Founders\u27 Constitution. This inquiry provides federal courts with the historical guideposts necessary to adjudicate foreign affairs preemption claims. Second, this article provides an overview of Supreme Court foreign affairs preemption precedent, with a focus on the preemption of state immigration laws. It confirms that the Court has never acquiesced to either an all inclusive or exclusive foreign affairs preemption doctrine as advanced by recent federal court decisions and scholars. Instead, the Court\u27s precedent reveals a more centered approach where state or local immigration laws can be foreign affairs preempted despite advancing federal policy. This primarily occurs when state or local governments make immigration adjudications without the cooperation of the federal government or are not expressly authorized to act by federal law. Lastly, in light of this history and precedent, this article provides a three-part inquiry that should be used by the Supreme Court when adjudicating foreign affairs preemption in the constraints of immigration law
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