100 research outputs found
An examination of the effects of using glycerol and wheat dry distillers grains with soluble in sheep diets
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF USING GLYCEROL AND WHEAT DRY DISTILLERSโ GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES IN SHEEP DIETS The aims of this research were to assess the effects of feeding glycerol and wheat based dry distillersโ grains with solubles (WDDGS) on rumen metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of lambs. In study 1, increasing levels of glycerol as replacement of barley grain in in vitro batch cultures did not affect culture pH and total methane (CH4) production, but in vitro dry matter disappearance, total VFA production and propionate proportions were linearly increased. In study 2, increasing levels of glycerol in a forage diet increased total VFA, propionate and butyrate production and DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) disappearance in semi continuous fermenters. Methane production was linearly increased despite increases in propionate concentrations as a result of the more reduced state of glycerol as compared to carbohydrates which implies there is no net incorporation of electrons into glycerol when it is metabolised to propionate. In study 3, increasing concentrations of glycerol did not alter in vivo diet digestibility or CH4 production. However, dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced at high glycerol concentrations (210 g/kg DM) and average daily gain (ADG) tended to decrease. Fatty acid profiles were improved by reducing concentrations of palmitic, trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids and the n-6/n-3 ratio and increasing stearic and oleic acids. In study 4, increasing concentrations of WDDGS as direct replacement of barley grain resulted in increased eating rates, DMI and ADG. Linolenic acid in backfat tissue was also increased without altering the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, when WDDGS were included in iso nitrogenous diets as replacement of soybean meal and alfalfa, DM, NDF and CP in sacco effective degradability and in vitro CH4 production were increased. Animal DMI, ADG and hot carcass weight were linearly reduced but feed efficiency was unaffected and trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids were increased
An examination of the effects of using glycerol and wheat dry distillers grains with soluble in sheep diets
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF USING GLYCEROL AND WHEAT DRY DISTILLERSโ GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES IN SHEEP DIETS The aims of this research were to assess the effects of feeding glycerol and wheat based dry distillersโ grains with solubles (WDDGS) on rumen metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of lambs. In study 1, increasing levels of glycerol as replacement of barley grain in in vitro batch cultures did not affect culture pH and total methane (CH4) production, but in vitro dry matter disappearance, total VFA production and propionate proportions were linearly increased. In study 2, increasing levels of glycerol in a forage diet increased total VFA, propionate and butyrate production and DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) disappearance in semi continuous fermenters. Methane production was linearly increased despite increases in propionate concentrations as a result of the more reduced state of glycerol as compared to carbohydrates which implies there is no net incorporation of electrons into glycerol when it is metabolised to propionate. In study 3, increasing concentrations of glycerol did not alter in vivo diet digestibility or CH4 production. However, dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced at high glycerol concentrations (210 g/kg DM) and average daily gain (ADG) tended to decrease. Fatty acid profiles were improved by reducing concentrations of palmitic, trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids and the n-6/n-3 ratio and increasing stearic and oleic acids. In study 4, increasing concentrations of WDDGS as direct replacement of barley grain resulted in increased eating rates, DMI and ADG. Linolenic acid in backfat tissue was also increased without altering the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, when WDDGS were included in iso nitrogenous diets as replacement of soybean meal and alfalfa, DM, NDF and CP in sacco effective degradability and in vitro CH4 production were increased. Animal DMI, ADG and hot carcass weight were linearly reduced but feed efficiency was unaffected and trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids were increased
Energy Status of Steers Dictates Effectiveness of Glycerol Inclusion in High-Roughage and High-Concentrate Feedlot Diets
The objective of this research was to determine how to use glycerol as an effective source of energy in ruminant diets. Steer calves were used in a 56 d backgrounding study (n=128; Initial BW=340 ยฑ 15 kg) and 105 d finishing study (n=120; Initial BW=420 ยฑ 20 kg). Dietary treatments during backgrounding included 0, 8, 16, and 24% glycerol replacing corn silage in corn silage-based diets. Steers continued on within relative levels of dietary glycerol with finishing diets consisting of 0, 5, 10, and 15% glycerol replacing corn. Cumulative DMI, ADG, and G:F increased linearly (
์ธ๊ธฐ์จ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฃ ๋ด ๋ฐ์ถ์ ๋ณดํธ ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ์ฒจ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ธํ์ฐ์ ์ฑ์ฅ, ๋ฐ์ถ์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฐ ํ์ก ์ฑ์์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๋์
์๋ช
๊ณผํ๋ํ ๋์๋ช
๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2019. 2. ๋ฐฑ๋ช
๊ธฐ.Extremely high or low ambient temperature has a negative effect on cattle, such as decreased productivities due to altered physiological homeostasis. The main physiological changes in heat or cold stress condition are depressed ruminal capacity and glucose and energy metabolism. Glycerol can be used as glucogenic precursor, and rumen protected fat (RPF) can be energy supplier (mainly lipid form) without affecting the rumen environment. Therefore, both of the RPF and glycerol supplementation may have a positive effect on cattle under hot or cold condition. However, little information of effects of RPF or glycerol on Korean cattle steers under cold or hot condition is available. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1) hot or cold condition and, 2) dietary glycerol or RPF supplementation on growth performance, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites in Korean cattle steer in several growth stages. Total 5 feedlot trials were conducted under cold or hot condition [Study 1: cold condition, RPF (0.5%)study 2, cold condition, RPF (0.8%)study 3, cold condition, glycerol-absorbed wheat bran (6%) as a feedstuffstudy 4, hot condition, RPF (0.8%)study 5, hot condition, glycerol (3%)]. As a result, neither cold nor hot condition deteriorate growth performances. Circulating glucose was increased during colder periods, whereas major ruminal VFAs were not changed. Under the hot condition, decreased serum cholesterol was observed, and rumen VFAs were tended to be lowered. RPF supplementation (0.5 or 0.8 %) did not improve growth performances, and did not affect rumen environment, although the blood HDL and cholesterol were increased by RPF supplementation. Glycerol supplementation improved growth performances, without affecting blood glucose concentration, but glycerol supplementation decreased the ruminal C2 concentration and C2:C3 ratio and increased C3 concentration. In conclusion, the cold or hot condition of these studies did not affect growth performance, although some blood and ruminal parameters were changed. Glycerol supplementation (3.0% in the concentrate diet) improved growth performances with major ruminal VFAs change. RPF supplementation did not affect growth performances, with no effect on rumen environment and increased blood lipid metabolites.๊ทน๋จ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทน๋จ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฎ์ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์จ๋๋ ์จ๋๋ ์์ ์์ฐ์ฑ์ ์์ฐ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์์ํค๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์์ํค๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์์ํค๋๋ฐ , ์ด๋ ๋ฐ์ถ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์๋ ๊ฐ์๋ ํฌ๋๋น ํฌ๋๋น ๋๋ non-estrified fatty acid (NEFA) ์ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์๋ชจ์ ์๋ชจ์ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฆฌ์ ํญ์์ฑ์ ํญ์์ฑ์ ๋ณํ ์์ ๊ธฐ์ธํ๋ค ๊ธฐ์ธํ๋ค . ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค์ ํฌ๋๋น ์ ์ํฉ์ฑ์ ์ ์ํฉ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ถ์ ๋ณดํธ ์ง๋ฐฉ (RPF)์ ๋ฐ์ถ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด์ ์์ผ๋ฉด์ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์๋์ง ๊ณต๊ธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค . ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ RPF์ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ์ฒจ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ถ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ์์๊ฒ ์์๊ฒ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ์๋ค . ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ RPF๋ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ์ฒจ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒจ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ์ ๋๋ ๋์ ํ๊ฒฝ์์ ํ๊ฒฝ์์ ํ์ฐ์ ํ์ฐ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ , ์ถ์ ๋๋ ๋์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ํ์ฐ์๊ฒ ํ์ฐ์๊ฒ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ญ์ ๋ถ์กฑํ ๋ถ์กฑํ ์ํฉ ์ด๋ค . ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋์ ๋ฐ ์ถ์ ํ๊ฒฝ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๋๋ RPF ์ฒจ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒจ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ์ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ์ฑ์ฅ , ๋ฐ์ถ์ ๋ฐ ํ์ก ์ฑ์ ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ํ๋์๋ค ์ํ๋์๋ค . ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด , ์ ์จ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ์ด 5ํ์ ์ฌ์์คํ์ด ์ฌ์์คํ์ด ์ํ๋ ์ํ๋ ์๋๋ฐ ์๋๋ฐ , ๊ฐ ์คํ์ ์คํ์ ๋ํ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค [study 1 : ์ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด , RPF (0.5 %)study 2, ์ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด , RPF (0.8 %)study 3,์ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด , glycerol-absorbed wheat bran (6 %)study 4, ๊ณ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด , RPF (0.8 %)study 5, ๊ณ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด , ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค (3 %)]. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก , ์ถ์ ๋๋ ๊ณ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ํ์ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ ํ์ํค์ง ์ ํ์ํค์ง ์ ํ์ํค์ง ์์๋ค. ํ์ค ํฌ๋๋น์ ๋ ์ถ์ด์๊ธฐ์ ์ถ์ด์๊ธฐ์ ์ถ์ด์๊ธฐ์ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด , ์ฃผ์ ๋ฐ์ถ์ VFA๋ ๋ณํํ์ง ๋ณํํ์ง ์์๋ค ์์๋ค . ๊ณ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์๋ ํ์ค ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ด ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ด ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ด ๊ฐ์ํ๊ณ ๋ฐ์ถ ์ VFA๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ๋ณด์๋ค . ํ์ค HDL๊ณผ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ RPF ์ฒจ๊ฐ ์ ์ํด ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์์ง๋ง ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์์ง๋ง ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์์ง๋ง , RPF ์ฒจ๊ฐ (0.5 ๋๋ 0.8 %) ๋ ํ์ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ํฅ์์ํค์ง ํฅ์์ํค์ง ์์๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ถ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ์์๋ค ์์๋ค . ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ์ฒจ๊ฐ (๋ํ์ฌ๋ฃ ๋ํ์ฌ๋ฃ ๋ด 3%) ๋ ํ์ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ฐ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ํฅ์์์ผฐ์ง๋ง ํฅ์์์ผฐ์ง๋ง , ํ์ค ํฌ๋๋น ํฌ๋๋น ๋๋์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ์์๋ค . ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ์ฒจ๊ฐ๋ ์ฒจ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ถ์ ๋ฐ์ถ์ C2 ๋๋์ C2:C3 ๋น์จ์ ๊ฐ์์ํค๊ณ ๊ฐ์์ํค๊ณ C3 ๋๋๋ฅผ ๋๋๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ๋ค ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ๋ค . ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก , ์ ์จ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ์์์ง๋ง ์์์ง๋ง ์์์ง๋ง , ์ผ๋ถ ํ์ก ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ถ์ ๋ฐ์ถ์ ์ฑ์ ์ ๋ณํ์์ผฐ๋ค ๋ณํ์์ผฐ๋ค ๋ณํ์์ผฐ๋ค . ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ๊ธ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋กค ์ฒจ๊ฐ (๋ํ์ฌ๋ฃ ๋ํ์ฌ๋ฃ ๋ด 3%) ์ ๋ฐ์ถ์๋ด ๋ฐ์ถ์๋ด ์ฃผ์ VFA ๋ณํ์ ํจ๊ป ์ผ๋น์ฆ์ฒด๋ ์ผ๋น์ฆ์ฒด๋ ์ผ๋น์ฆ์ฒด๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฃํจ์จ์ ์ฌ๋ฃํจ์จ์ ํฅ์์์ผฐ๋ค ํฅ์์์ผฐ๋ค . RPF ์ฒจ๊ฐ๋ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ๋ฏธ์น์ง ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ , ํ์ค ์ง์ง ๋์ฌ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋์ฌ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋๋๋ฅผ ๋๋๋ฅผ ์์น์์ผฐ์ผ๋ ์์น์์ผฐ์ผ๋ ์์น์์ผฐ์ผ๋ ๋ฐ์ถ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์๋ ํ๊ฒฝ์๋ ํ๊ฒฝ์๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ๋ฏธ์น์ง ์์๋ค ์์๋ค .CONTENTS
SUMMARY ยท ยท ยท โ
CONTENTS ยท ยท ยท III
LIST OF TABLES ยท ยท ยท Vโ
ข
LIST OF FIGURE ยท ยท ยท XI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ยท ยท ยท XII
UNITS AND MARKS ยท ยท ยท XIV
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION ยท ยท ยท 1
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW ยท ยท ยท 4
1. Effects of heat stress on cattle ยท ยท 4
2. Strategies for alleviation heat stress ยท ยท 8
3. Effects of cold stress on cattle ยท ยท 11
4. Strategies for alleviation cold stress ยท ยท 16
5. Effects of glycerol or rumen-protected fat supplementation on cattle ยท ยท ยท ยท 17
6. References ยท ยท ยท 22
CHAPTER THREE
1. Study 1: Effects of ambient temperature and rumenโprotected fat supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters during cold season in Korean cattle steers ยท ยท ยท 32
(1) Abstract ยท ยท ยท 32
(2) Introduction ยท ยท ยท 33
(3) Materials and methods ยท ยท ยท 35
(4) Results and discussion ยท ยท ยท 39
(5) Conclusion ยท ยท ยท 44
(6) References ยท ยท ยท 52
2. Study 2: Effects of ambient temperature and rumenโprotected fat supplementation on growth performance, rumen characteristics, and blood parameters during cold season in early fattening stage of Korean cattle steers ยท ยท 55
(1) Abstract ยท ยท ยท 55
(2) Introduction ยท ยท ยท 56
(3) Materials and methods ยท ยท ยท 58
(4) Results and discussion ยท ยท ยท 60
(5) Conclusion ยท ยท ยท 64
(6) References ยท ยท ยท 71
3. Study 3: Effects of temperature and glycerol supplementation as feed additive on growth performance, rumen characteristics, and blood parameters during winter season in growing stage of Korean cattle steers ยท ยท 74
(1) Abstract ยท ยท ยท 74
(2) Introduction ยท ยท ยท 76
(3) Materials and methods ยท ยท ยท 77
(4) Results and discussion ยท ยท ยท 79
(5) Conclusion ยท ยท ยท 85
(6) References ยท ยท ยท 93
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Study 4. Effects of hot temperature and rumenโprotected fat supplementation ongrowth performance, rumen characteristics, and blood parameters in growing stage of Korean cattle steers ยท ยท ยท 96
(1) Abstract ยท ยท ยท 96
(2) Introduction ยท ยท ยท 98
(3) Materials and methods ยท ยท ยท 99
(4) Results and discussion ยท ยท ยท 102
(5) Conclusion ยท ยท ยท 106
(6) References ยท ยท ยท 113
2. Study 5. Effects of temperature and glycerol supplementation on growth performance, rumen characteristics, and blood parameters during summer season in fattening stage of Korean cattle steers ยท ยท 116
(1) Abstract ยท ยท ยท 116
(2) Introduction ยท ยท ยท 118
Supplementary data ยท ยท ยท 145
CHAPTER FIVE
General conclusion ยท ยท ยท 154
SUMMARY IN KOREAN ยท ยท ยท 157
(3) Materials and methods ยท ยท ยท 119
(4) Results and discussion ยท ยท ยท 122
(5) Conclusion ยท ยท ยท 127
(6) References ยท ยท ยท 135Docto
SDSU Beef Day 2020 Complete Proceedings
This is the complete proceedings of the South Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science Beef Day 2020. The proceedings contain research presented on the following topics: Cow/CalfSDSU ExtensionFeedlotMeat and Human NutritionReproductio
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