First-order thermal correction to the quadratic response tensor and rate for second harmonic plasma emission

Three-wave interactions in plasmas are described, in the framework of kinetic theory, by the quadratic response tensor (QRT). The cold-plasma QRT is a common approximation for interactions between three fast waves. Here, the first-order thermal correction (FOTC) to the cold-plasma QRT is derived for interactions between three fast waves in a warm unmagnetized collisionless plasma, whose particles have an arbitrary isotropic distribution function. The FOTC to the cold-plasma QRT is shown to depend on the second moment of the distribution function, the phase speeds of the waves, and the interaction geometry. Previous calculations of the rate for second harmonic plasma emission (via Langmuir-wave coalescence) assume the cold-plasma QRT. The FOTC to the cold-plasma QRT is used here to calculate the FOTC to the second harmonic emission rate, and its importance is assessed in various physical situations. The FOTC significantly increases the rate when the ratio of the Langmuir phase speed to the electron thermal speed is less than about 3.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physics of Plasma

Quaternionic approach to dual Magneto-hydrodynamics of dyonic cold plasma

The dual magneto-hydrodynamics of dyonic plasma describes the study of electrodynamics equations along with the transport equations in the presence of electrons and magnetic monopoles. In this paper, we formulate the quaternionic dual fields equations, namely, the hydro-electric and hydro-magnetic fields equations which are an analogous to the generalized Lamb vector field and vorticity field equations of dyonic cold plasma fluid. Further, we derive the quaternionic Dirac-Maxwell equations for dual magneto-hydrodynamics of dyonic cold plasma. We also obtain the quaternionic dual continuity equations that describe the transport of dyonic fluid. Finally, we establish an analogy of Alfven wave equation which may generate from the flow of magnetic monopoles in the dyonic field of cold plasma. The present quaternionic formulation for dyonic cold plasma is well invariant under the duality, Lorentz and CPT transformations.Comment: 20 pages, Revised versio

Cold plasma processing of local planetary ores for oxygen and metallurgically important metals

The utilization of a cold plasma in chlorination processing is described. Essential equipment and instruments were received, the experimental apparatus assembled and tested, and preliminary experiments conducted. The results of the latter lend support to the original hypothesis: a cold plasma can both significantly enhance and bias chemical reactions. In two separate experiments, a cold plasma was used to reduce TiCl4 vapor and chlorinate ilmenite. The latter, reacted in an argon-chlorine plasma, yielded oxygen. The former experiment reveals that chlorine can be recovered as HCl vapor from metal chlorides in a hydrogen plasma. Furthermore, the success of the hydrogen experiments has lead to an analysis of the feasibility of direct hydrogen reduction of metal oxides in a cold plasma. That process would produce water vapor and numerous metal by-products

Raman amplification in plasma : thermal effects

The impact of thermal effects on Raman amplification in plasma is investigated theoretically. It is shown that damping and the shift in plasma resonance at finite temperature can alter the evolution of an amplified pulse. It is shown that pulse compression can occur which is not predicted by the cold plasma model. Although thermal effects can lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the interaction, this can be avoided by using a chirped pump. In this case these effects can be beneficial, suppressing the development of a train of pulses behind the amplified seed, as observed in the cold plasma model