Chinese and North American Culture: a New Perspective in Linguistics Studies

We explored the two cultures in the two countries. There has been discussed on Chinese culture and North American culture. Chinese language, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy, business etiquette, religion, politics, and history have global influence, while its traditions and festivals are also celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world. The culture of North America refers to the arts and other manifestations of human activities and achievements from the continent of North America. The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America. It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Injuries in the Chinese Arena Football League: American Versus Chinese Players.

Background: Arena football is an indoor version of American football played in indoor arenas on a smaller field with 8 players per team. Only 1 study has evaluated injury rates in arena football, and no study had compared 2 distinct cohorts of players. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare injury rates in American versus Chinese athletes in the Chinese Arena Football League. Our hypothesis was that the rate of significant injuries (≥7 days of time lost from play) would be statistically significantly higher in Chinese athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Each of the 6 teams included in this study comprised 11 American and 11 Chinese athletes, for a total of 132 included athletes (66 Chinese, 66 American). All players stayed in the same hotel, trained and played in the same facilities, and were covered by the same medical staff. A total of 18 games were played consecutively in 6 cities from October 1 to November 6, 2016. At least 4 Chinese players had to be on the field for each team at all times during game play. Results: American athletes were significantly older, taller, and heavier than Chinese athletes. The total exposure was 759 athlete-hours, and there were 80 reported injuries, with 74 (92.5%) occurring during games (overall injury rate, 105.4 injuries per 1000 athlete-hours). For American athletes, the exposure was 387 athlete-hours with 38 injuries observed, and the injury rate was 98.2 injuries per 1000 athlete-hours. For Chinese athletes, the exposure was 372 athlete-hours with 42 injuries observed, and the injury rate was 112.9 injuries per 1000 athlete-hours. There was no statistically significant difference in exposure or overall injury rate between American and Chinese athletes. The rate of significant injuries was 30.3 per 1000 athlete-hours; there were 17 such injuries in Chinese athletes compared with 6 such injuries for American athletes. The rate of significant injuries was 45.7 (Chinese) and 15.5 (American) injuries per 1000 athlete-hours, and the relative risk for Chinese versus American athletes for significant injuries was 3.0 (95% CI, 1.2-7.8; Conclusion: The overall risk of injuries was similar between Chinese and American athletes, but Chinese athletes showed statistically higher rates of significant injuries than their American counterparts. Years of experience was the only factor that was associated with severe injuries. As professional sports become more global, medical personnel must take into account the distinct differences and levels of experience between the national and international professional athletes. The results of this study will be used to make recommendations to develop preventive training measures, including techniques to improve tackling

BOOK REVIEW OF BATTLE HYMN OF THE TIGER MOTHER WRITTEN BY AMY CHUA

This project analyses a novel by Amy Chua entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. The aims of the project are to make a summary of the novel by exposing the difference between Chinese and American parenting system and revealing the implicit opinions of the society in the novel about the Chinese and American parenting system. The method that underlies this project is cultural heritage method by Helaine Ruggles, D Fairchild The methods used in this study are library research and. The analysis shows that in this novel the writer represents the Chinese parents with Chinese parenting system and compares with the American parenting systemthat later creates society’s opinion

Teaching English Language Learners from China

This research paper attempts to provide American teachers with important background information for teaching English language learners from China. The research is presented primarily for ESL teachers, but much of it would also be useful for any teacher or professor working with students of this description. The paper proceeds by exploring similarities and differences between 1. Chinese and English, 2. Chinese and American culture, and 3. Chinese and American education or classroom culture, considering all along the way the implications for teaching and working with these students

Breaking the Mold: Four Asian American women define beauty, detail identity, and deconstruct stereotypes

The experiences of four women reveal how notions of outer beauty touch ideas of personal ethnic identity, racism, media-imposed pressure, and social stereotypes; shaping the lives of Chinese, Chinese American, and Asian American women

[Review of] Jade Snow Wong. Fifth Chinese Daughter

I am personally delighted to see the re-issue of Jade Snow Wong\u27s autobiographical novel, Fifth Chinese Daughter. Shortly after I arrived in the U.S. in 1959 as a rather bewildered young girl immigrant of twelve, it was my good fortune to have stumbled onto -- in the local public library -- Jade Snow Wong\u27s wonderful story of growing up Chinese and female in America, in both the ethnic enclave of Chinatown and the San Francisco Bay Area\u27s white college and working worlds. It helped me better understand the experience of being an American-Chinese, the term used in those days. The re-issue has allowed me to introduce the book to my American-born daughters, 15 and 12, who not only enjoyed immensely the story itself, but have gained invaluable insights into their Chinese and Chinese American heritage

“Mulatto, Indian, Or What”: The Racialization Of Chinese Soldiers And The American Civil War

About fifty Chinese men are known to have fought in the American Civil War. “\u27Mulatto, Indian, or What\u27: The Racialization of Chinese Soldiers and the American Civil War seeks to study how Chinese in the eastern portion of the United States were viewed and racialized by mainstream American society, before the Chinese Exclusion Act and rise of the Yellow Peril myth. Between 1860 and 1870, Chinese was added as a racial category on the U.S. federal census, but prior to 1870 such men could be fitted into the existing categories of black, white, or mulatto. The author aims to look at the participation of the Chinese who served as soldiers in the Civil War, and how their experiences reflected the liminal space Chinese occupied in a society predominantly built upon a black-white racial hierarchy. The paper thus asks the question: why were some Chinese soldiers treated as white and able to enlist in white regiments, while others were enrolled in colored regiments? In the first section of the text, the author examines the case of John Tommy, a Chinese soldier who died at Gettysburg. He is noted for being Chinese, and puzzling those around him as they tried to fit him into their preconceived notions of racial categories in America. In comparison, Joseph Pierce, another Chinese soldier, is treated as if he is white, in part due to his own upbringing in America and his association with a prominent local family. Pierce\u27s case is mirrored to an extent by Christopher Bunker in the Confederacy, who, although of Chinese descent, harbors strong Confederate loyalty due to his family\u27s status as slaveholders and plantation owners. Yet Chinese men were not always treated as white elites, as seen in the case with Charles Marshall, whose position as a personal attendant put him in closer proximity with other African American menservants. Socioeconomic class and background thus server to define Chinese soldiers in a society where there was no set racial category to define them. This essay aims to set the groundwork for future inquiries as to why some Chinese men, particularly soldiers, were able to later naturalize as American citizens and vote, despite the Naturalization Act of 1790 explicitly stating only white people could become citizens

[Review of] Craig Storti. Incident at Bitter Creek: The Story of the Rock Springs Chinese Massacre

In September 1885 a petty dispute among Euro-American and Chinese Union Pacific miners in Wyoming exploded into a homicidal spree which left twenty-five confirmed dead Chinese miners, and another twenty-six missing and presumed dead. In the weeks and months which followed, other Chinese miners and laborers were robbed, killed, or hounded out of the United States. Some of the parties responsible for these atrocities were arrested and brought to trial, but juries found no one guilty of these genocidal crimes. Many local, state, territorial, military, and federal government officials made good-faith efforts to protect the Chinese, but their efforts primarily hastened the exodus of the Chinese contract workers from American shores; for protection usually meant little more than safe passage away from the danger areas, and most of the western US was a dangerous area for Chinese nationals after Rock Springs. Craig Storti\u27s brief account of these events revives long dormant, shameful memories of an era in American history when racial and ethnic prejudices ran unchecked and labor unrest all too easily led to homicide

Chinatown Black Tigers: Black Masculinity and Chinese Heroism in Frank Chin\u27s Gunga Din Highway

Images of ominous villains and asexual heroes in literature and mainstream American culture tend to relegate Asian American men to limited expressions of masculinity. These emasculating images deny Asian American men elements of traditional masculinity, including agency and strength. Many recognize the efforts of Frank Chin, a Chinese American novelist, to confront, expose, and revise such images by relying on a tradition of Chinese heroism. In Gunga Din Highway (1994), however, Chin creates an Asian American masculinity based on elements of both the Chinese heroic tradition and a distinct brand of African American masculinity manifested in the work of Ishmael Reed, an African American novelist and essayist known for his outspoken style.^1 Rather than transforming traditional masculinity to include Asian American manhood, Chin\u27s images of men represent an appropriation of elements from two ethnic sources that Chin uses to underscore those of Asian Americans. While deconstructing the reductive images advocated by the dominant culture, Chin critiques the very black masculinity he adopts. Ultimately he fails to envision modes of masculinity not based on dominance, yet Chin\u27s approach also can be read as the ultimate expression of Asian American individualism

A Comparative study of Chinese and American address terms

In cross-cultural situations, choices of address terms often reflect cultural differences. Although a good number of studies have discussed address terms in mono-linguistic settings, literature directly related to cross-cultural address terms is scarce. The current study intends to investigate common forms of address terms in Chinese and American cultures. Two hypotheses are examined: 1) Differences between Americans and Chinese in their choices of address terms are governed by cultural norms such as politeness, as well as by contexts or styles, and 2) The Chinese students in the U.S., who are undergoing the process of assimilation and acculturation, tend to accommodate the American culture and be more like the Americans in their choices of address terms. Twenty-seven American and 24 Chinese subjects completed a 12-item survey. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and visual presentations and through the Kolmogorov-Smimov tests of population difference. The results indicate that while most American respondents tend to use either first name or no name in most informal settings or status conscious settings, Chinese respondents under the context in China would use more diversified choices. In addition, acculturation plays a role in Chinese respondents’ language change in terms of the choices of address terms. The relationship between age and the choice of address terms is also discussed