78 research outputs found

    Chemical composition of tempeh from soybean cultivars specially developed for human consumption.

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    RESUMO: Composição química de tempeh de cultivares de soja especialmente desenvolvidas para o consumo humano. O tempeh é um alimento obtido por meio da fermentação dos grãos de soja pelo fungo Rizophusoligosporus. É um alimento tradicional da Indonésia que apresenta benefícios para a saúde humana, protegendo contra a diarréia e doenças crônicas. O processamento de tempeh inclui descasque, cozimento, inoculação e fermentação. Nesse estudo, as características químicas de tempeh produzido com cultivares de soja especialmente desenvolvidas para alimentação humana, BRS 216, BRS 232, BRS 257 e BRS 267 foram investigadas. Os grãos das cultivares e os tempehs foram analisados quanto aos teores de óleo e proteína, fatores antinutricionais e teor de isoflavonas. A cultivar BRS 216 apresentou o maior teor de proteína no tempeh (51,99%) e nos grãos (36,81%). Em média, no tempeh, o teor de proteína aumentou 16%. O teor total de isoflavonas foi maior nos grãos do que nos tempehs, com diferenças significativas entre as cultivares. O conteúdo de isoflavonas agliconas aumentou em média cerca de 50% nos tempehs (49,00 mg.100 g?1 em média), quando comparados com a matéria-prima grãos de soja (21,49 mg.100 g?1 em média). O conteúdo de inibidor de tripsina de Kunitz (KSTI) apresentou uma redução de 83% nos tempehs em relação ao conteúdo observado nos grãos. Os teores de ácido fítico nos tempehs e nos grãos de soja foram semelhantes. ABSTRACT: Tempeh is a food obtained by fermentation of soybean grains by the fungus Rizophus oligosporus. It is a traditional Indonesian food that presents benefits for human health protecting against diarrhea and chronic diseases. Tempeh processing includes dehulling, cooking, inoculation, and fermentation. In this study, chemical characteristics of tempeh prepared with soybean cultivars specially developed for human consumption (BRS 216, BRS 232, BRS 257, and BRS 267) were investigated. Soybean grains and tempeh obtained from these cultivars were analyzed for oil, protein, antinutrional factors, and isoflavone content. Cultivar BRS 216 presented the highest protein content in the grains (36.81%) and in tempeh (51.99%). On average, the protein content in tempeh increased 16% in relation to that of soybean grains. Isoflavone content was higher in the grains than in tempeh with significant differences among the cultivars. However, the aglycones content increased about 50% in tempeh (49.00 mg.100 g?1 on average) compared to that of raw material (soybean grains - 21.49 mg.100 g?1, on average). The content of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KSTI) reduced 83% in tempeh, on average, as compared to the value found in the grains. Phytic acid content was similar in both tempeh and the grains

    Tempeh flour as a substitute for soybean flour in coconut cookies.

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    The objective of this study was to prepare roasted and lyophilized tempeh flour with soybean cultivar BRS 267 to apply them in the formulation of coconut biscuits. The cookies produced with whole soy flour and mixed flour of soybean and tempeh were evaluated for proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and isoflavone aglycones in order to verify the effects of inoculation with the fungus Rhizopus oligosporus and those of the drying processes of roasting and lyophilization on the chemical characteristics of the final product. Sensory acceptance and purchase intention of the formulated products were also evaluated. The results indicate the maintenance of linolenic acid, which is important in the prevention of coronary diseases, and an increase in the aglycones levels when the tempeh flour was used. Lipids and proteins showed differences, and the sensory analyses demonstrated similarity between the cookies with satisfactory scores for aroma, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability for both samples. when compared to the control. Purchase intent was also positive for the lyophilized and toasted tempeh flours, thus enabling the use of the roasting process as a simple drying method, for processing tempeh and obtaining a flour rich in proteins and aglycones that can be used as a partial substitute for soy flour in cookies and other bakery products

    Conteúdo e bioconversão de isoflavonas β‑glicosídeos em agliconas nas condições de processamento do tempeh de soja

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    The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the processing conditions of soybean tempeh on the contents of β‑glycoside isoflavones and on their bioconversion into aglycones. Different times of soaking (6, 12, and 18 hours), cooking (15, 30, and 45 minutes), and fermentation (18, 24, and 30 hours) with Rhizopus oligosporus at 37°C were evaluated for tempeh preparation. Grains from the cultivar 'BRS 267' were used, and the experiment was carried out according to a central composite design (23). The response functions comprised the contents of genistin, malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, daidzein, and genistein, quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Soaking, cooking, and fermentation times change the content, profile, and distribution of the different forms of isoflavones in tempeh. The highest bioconversion of glycoside isoflavones into aglycones occurred in 6‑hour soaked soybean grains, whose cotyledons were cooked for 15 minutes and subjected to 18‑hour fermentation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das condições de processamento do tempeh de soja sobre o conteúdo de isoflavonas β‑glicosídeos e sobre sua bioconversão em agliconas. Diferentes tempos de maceração (6, 12 e 18 horas), cozimento (15, 30 e 45 minutos) e fermentação (18, 24 e 30 horas) com Rhizopus oligosporus a 37°C foram avaliados na preparação do tempeh. Foram utilizados grãos da cultivar 'BRS 267', e o experimento foi realizado de acordo com um delineamento composto central (23). As funções-respostas compreenderam o teor de genistina, malonildaidzina, malonilgenistina, daidzeína e genisteína, quantificadas por cromatografia líquida de ultraeficiência (CLUE). Os tempos de maceração, cozimento e fermentação alteraram o conteúdo, o perfil e a distribuição das diferentes formas de isoflavonas no tempeh. A maior bioconversão de β‑glicosídeos em agliconas ocorreu em grãos de soja macerados por 6 horas, cujos cotilédones foram cozidos por 15 minutos e submetidos à fermentação por 18 horas

    Nutritional Composition of (Australian Sweet Lupin) Natto and Tempeh: Effect of Source and Fermentation Time

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    This PhD thesis describes the generation of lupin tempeh and natto from two sources of lupin; whole seed and dehulled seed. In this thesis I discuss the changes that occur in nutritional composition and functional attributes of lupin tempeh and natto as a function of fermentation time. I also present data of the in vitro bio- availability of nutrients from these sources

    Farinha de tempeh liofilizado ou torrado na formulação de biscoitos de coco em substituição parcial à farinha de soja: elaboração e caracterização

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    In this study, the benefits and application of tempeh flour as an alternative for soybean flour were evaluated. In the first stage, proximal composition, aglycone and total isoflavone content were analyzed in the soybean and tempeh flour. Grains of cultivars BRS 216, BRS 257 and BRS 267 were tested, in order to verify the effects of Rhizopus oligosporus, which is used for tempeh fermentation, plus the drying methods of controlled toasting and lyophilization, over the final flour. The results for tempeh flour showed an increase in protein content for all the cultivars, especially for BRS 216, which presented final values of 57.36g.100g-1and 59.30g.100g-1 for toasted and lyophilized tempeh flour, respectively. Total carbohidrates presented a reduction for all cultivars, mostly due to water solubilization during the process for tempeh preparation, and the isoflavone content showed a high conversion rate, with gains in aglycone levels (active forms for human consumption) for all lyophilized and toasted tempeh flours. BRS 267 showed the higher values for aglycone, reason to be chosen for the second part of the study, when mixed flour of soybean and lyophilized/toasted tempeh flour were obtained and applied in the formulation of coconut biscuits, which were evaluated for proximal composition, aglycone content, fatty acid profile and affective sensory analyses. Use of tempeh flour caused increase in aglycones level while linolenic acid content remained stable, which is important to reduce risks of coronary diseases. Lipids and protein contents also showed differences, and the sensory analysis demonstrated similarity between the biscuits, with satisfactory scores in aroma, flavor, texture and overall acceptability for cookies containing soy and tempeh flour, when compared to the cookie formulated with soy flour only. Purchase intention was also positive for both, which indicates roasting process, a simple and economically feasible drying method, for processing tempeh to a flour. This ingredient, rich in protein and aglycone isoflavones, important for human health, can be used as a partial substitute for soybean flour in cookies and other bakery products.Neste trabalho, foram estudadas a possibilidade e os benefícios na aplicação da farinha de tempeh como substituinte parcial da farinha de soja integral. Para isto, inicialmente foram avaliados a composição proximal e os teores de isoflavonas (agliconas e totais) nas farinhas de soja integral e de tempeh. Foram utilizados grãos de soja das cultivares BRS 216, BRS 257 e BRS 267, a fim de verificar as alterações causadas pela fermentação com o fungo Rhizopus oligosporus, utilizado para obtenção do tempeh, e o efeito dos processos de secagem por torra controlada e liofilização sobre a farinha final obtida. Os resultados obtidos das farinhas de tempeh demonstraram um aumento nos teores de proteínas para todas as cultivares, com destaque para a BRS 216, que obteve valores finais de 57,36 g.100g-1 e 59,30g.100g-1 nos tempeh torrado e liofilizado, respectivamente. Foi verificada também redução dos teores de carboidratos totais, causada principalmente pela solubilização em água durante o processo de obtenção do tempeh, e uma elevada taxa de conversão dos compostos isoflavonóides, com aumento dos teores de agliconas (formas ativas para o organismo humano) para o tempeh liofilizado e torrado em todas as cultivares avaliadas, tendo a BRS 267 obtido o maior teor final de agliconas. Por esta razão, a BRS 267 foi escolhida para obtenção das farinhas mistas de soja e tempeh torrado/liofilizado, e para os testes de formulação do biscoito, que foi avaliado quanto à composição proximal, teor de agliconas, perfil de ácidos graxos e testes sensoriais de aceitação e intenção de compra. Os resultados desta segunda etapa comprovaram a manutenção do teor de ácido linolênico, importante para redução dos riscos de doenças coronarianas, além do ganho nos teores de agliconas quando utilizada a farinha de tempeh. Houve também alterações nos teores de proteínas e lipídios e, nos testes sensoriais, ficou evidenciada a semelhança entre as formulações, com notas satisfatórias para os atributos de aroma, sabor, textura e aceitação global dos biscoitos com farinha de soja e tempeh, quando comparadas ao biscoito contendo apenas farinha de soja. A intenção de compra também foi positiva, o que indica a torra como processo simples e economicamente viável para processamento do tempeh, e obtenção de uma farinha rica em proteínas e isoflavonas agliconas, que pode ser empregada como substituinte parcial à farinha de soja em biscoitos e outros produtos de panificação

    PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEMPE TERHADAP MEMORI SPASIAL TIKUS WISTAR PREDIABETES

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    Latar Belakang: Prediabetes dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan pada saraf otak yang berdampak lebih lanjut pada penurunan memori spasial. Salah satu senyawa yang berperan meningkatkan memori spasial adalah isoflavon, khususnya genistein dan daidzein. Tempe merupakan produk olahan kedelai yang banyak mengandung genistein dan daidzein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tempe terhadap memori spasial tikus wistar prediabetes. Metode: Penelitian true experimental dengan desain penelitian pre test-post test randomized control group design. Tikus wistar jantan (K, P1, P2) diinjeksi aloksan 120 mg/KgBB dan dikondisikan prediabetes. Pemberian tempe dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan dosis: K (pakan standar), P1 (Tempe 9 g/200 gram BB), P2 (Tempe 18 g/200 gram BB). Uji memori spasial menggunakan morris water maze test (MWM). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Hasil: Terdapat perbaikan memori spasial pada tikus berdasarkan selisih rerata waktu tempuh tikus pada alat MWM sebesar K (-8,36), P1 (-5,48), dan P2 (3,66). Perbedaan selisih rerata waktu tempuh ketiga kelompok tidak signifikan (p=0,570). Simpulan: Pemberian tempe dengan dosis 18 gram/200 gram BB dapat meningkatkan memori spasial pada tikus wistar yang mengalami kondisi prediabetes, meskipun secara statistik tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara ketiga kelompok

    PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN TEMPE KACANG TURIS DAN KACANG MERAH BAGI MASYARAKAT KELOMPOK TANI FATUKNUTU KELURAHAN SASI, KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA

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    Kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan tempe dari kacang merah dan kacang turis bermitra dengan kelompok tani Fatuknutu, Kelurahan Sasi, Kota Kefamenanu. Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketersediaan bahan baku yang melimpah di lokasi setempat tetapi masyarakat belum dibekali oleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk mengolah bahan tersebut. Sehingga kegiatan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengedukasi sekaligus melatih masyarakat dalam melakukan inovasi terhadap bahan pangan yang melimpah sekaligus untuk meningkatkan nila jualnya. Terdapat 3 tahapan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan ini yaitu menjelaskan dan menginstruksikan alat dan bahan yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan, mendemonstrasikan pembuatan tempe dari kacang turis dan kacang merah sekaligus mendampingi peserta dalam praktik mandiri serta memonitoring dan mengevaluasi hasil pelatihan. Hasil utama yang diperoleh berupa produk tempe kacang turis dan tempe kacang merah. Selain produk tempe, anggota Kelompok Tani Fatuknutu menjadi terampil dalam membuat tempe secara mandiri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi harian dari bahan baku yang mudah dijangkau.Kata kunci : tempe, kacang turis, kacang merah, fatuknutu, sas
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