Screen-printed carbon electrodes

This book sets the standard for the use of carbon materials in electrode design. For the first time, the leading experts in this field describe the different preparation techniques, and summarize the established and potential applications of carbon-based electrodes

Comparative electrochemical study on the effects of heterogeneous carbon nanostructured-materials on the properties of screen-printed carbon electrodes towards Riboflavin determination

In this work, the influence of graphene nanoribbons (GNs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPls), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) as a modifier on the properties of screen-printed carbon electrodes towards electrochemical determination of riboflavin (VB2) is investigated. Additionally, ionic liquid (IL, 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetra fluoroborate), iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) and Nafion were added into the modifier suspensions and further tested for their electro-catalytic effect. Their performance as modifier is compared to unmodified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). Unmodified screen-printed electrodes are printed in laboratory onto the ceramic substrate using carbon ink. Modified electrodes are prepared by drop-casting modifier suspension onto the active surface area of SPCE. The three-electrode system is used, consisted of a glass vessel equipped with the screen-printed carbon electrode as a working electrode (unmodified or modified), the reference electrode an Ag/AgCl electrode (3M KCl) and the auxiliary electrode a platinum wire. The studies are done using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in Britton-Robinson buffer solution (BRBS, pH 2.0) as a supporting electrolyte at scan rate of 50 mV/s. The preliminary results show that in comparison to modified screen-printed carbon electrodes, unmodified electrodes give increased current signals where the redox reaction of riboflavin occurs. Unmodified screen-printed electrodes usually give high responses due to the more hydrophilic surface and are very easy to handle, with excellent sensitivity and as low cost electro-analytical tools. Nevertheless, the results seem promising that the the modifier free sensor can be applied for the quick quantification of riboflavin

Electrochemical detection of TNT at cobalt phthalocyanine mediated screen-printed electrodes and application to detection of airborne vapours

We describe the use of cobalt phthalocyanine as a mediator to improve the sensitivity for the electrochemical detection of TNT. Commercial screen-printed electrodes containing cobalt phthalocyanine were employed for determination of TNT. Improved sensitivities compared to screen-printed carbon electrodes without phthalocyanine were observed, current response for cyclic voltammetric measurements at modified electrodes being at least double that of unmodified electrodes. A synergistic effect between oxygen and TNT reduction was also observed. Correlation between TNT concentrations and sensor output was observed between 0–200 µM TNT. Initial proof-of-concept experiments combining electrochemical determinations, with the use of an air-sampling cyclone, are also reported

Fabrication of Electrochemical Electrodes Based on Platinum and ZnO\text{ZnO} Nanofibers for Biosensing Applications

Platinum (Pt) electrodes were designed in imitation of screen-printed electrodes, and prepared by microelectronic techniques. These electrodes were then modified with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers for biosensing applications. ZnO nanofibers with average length $\sim 20-30\; \mu$ m and diameter $\sim 150$ nm in hexagonal crystalline structure are prepared using electrospinning method. Their surface characteristics were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical properties of modified Pt electrodes were investigated in comparison with commercial carbon screen-printed electrodes. The results showed that the cyclic voltammogram of modified Pt electrodes was stable, but has much lower resistance compared to that of carbon screen-printed electrodes

First application of carbon-based screen-printed electrodes for the voltammetric determination of the organic UV filters oxybenzone and octocrylene

A new voltammetric methodology is proposed for the simultaneous determination of the organic UV filters oxybenzone (benzophenone 3, BP3) and octocrylene (OC) in personal care products and in wastewater extracts.It is based on previous adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) methods developed for hanging mercury drop electrodes, adapted to the special characteristics of carbon-based screen-printed electrodes. Among the carbon substrates tested, regular carbon screen-printed devices exhibited the best performance, with detection limits of 4.8 and 6.6 μmol L−1 and linearity ranges of 16-400 and 22-400 μmol L−1 for BP3 and OC, respectively, and, as compared to mercury electrodes, with the advantages of environmental safety, easy of use, low cost and compatibility with automation and flow measurements. The methodology has been successfully tested in real samples and compared to the standard methodology by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS)

Antimonene-modified screen-printed carbon nanofibers electrode for enhanced electroanalytical response of metal ions.

A two-dimensional (2D) Sb-modified screen-printed carbon nanofibers electrode (2D Sbexf-SPCNFE) was developed to improve the stripping voltammetric determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II), taking advantage of the synergistic effect between the two nanomaterials. The surface morphology of the 2D Sbexf-SPCNFE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The analytical performance of 2D Sbexf-SPCNFE was compared to those presented by screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with 2D Sbexf (2D Sbexf-SPCE) and the corresponding bare electrodes: screen-printed carbon nanofibers electrode (SPCNFEbare) and screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCEbare). After optimizing the experimental conditions, the 2D Sbexf-SPCNFE exhibited much better analytical parameters compared to the other assessed sensors. Analysis in 0.01 mol L−1 HCl (pH = 2) using 2D Sbexf-SPCNFE showed excellent linear behavior in the concentration range of 2.9 to 85.0 µg L−1 and 0.3 to 82.0 µg L−1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The limits of detection after 240 s deposition time for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 0.9 and 0.1 µg L−1, and sensitivities between 1.5 and 3 times higher than those displayed by SPCEbare, SPCNFEbare, and 2D Sbexf-SPCE were obtained. Finally, the 2D Sbexf-SPCNFE was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) traces in a certified estuarine water sample

Desarrollo de nuevos instrumentos biosensores ambientales para el analisis de herbicidas

Abstract Development of new biosensors is presented, especially sensors screen printed carbon electrodes, gold or printed sensors (screen-printed sensors SPE). These instruments allow for multi parametric analysi

Modified screen-printed carbon electrodes application for protein tumor markers determination

Screen-printed carbon electrodes were modified with gold nanoparticles bound with DNA-aptamers by two different methods. Aptamers can selectively bind protein tumor markers from the blood plasma. The electrodes were tested. Signals obtained via squire-wavy voltammetry from modified electrodes covered with blood plasma of the healthy donors and donors with lung cancer can be distinguished

New approaches to antimony film screen-printed electrodes using carbon-based nanomaterials substrates

Three different commercial carbon nanomaterial-modified screen-printed electrodes based on graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers were pioneeringly tested as electrode platforms for the plating with Sb film. They were microscopically and analytically compared to each other and to the most conventional unmodified carbon screen-printed electrode (SPCE). The obtained detection and quantification limits suggest that the in-situ antimony film electrode prepared from carbon nanofibers modified screen-printed electrode (SbSPCE-CNF) produces a better analytical performance as compared to the classical SPCE modified with antimony for Pb(II) and Cd(II) determination, approving its appropriateness for measuring low μg L(-1) levels of the considered metals. In-situ SbSPCE-CNF was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, in a certified reference estuarine water sample with a very high reproducibility and good trueness

Modified screen-printed carbon electrodes application for protein tumor markers determination

Screen-printed carbon electrodes were modified with gold nanoparticles bound with DNA-aptamers by two different methods. Aptamers can selectively bind protein tumor markers from the blood plasma. The electrodes were tested. Signals obtained via squire-wavy voltammetry from modified electrodes covered with blood plasma of the healthy donors and donors with lung cancer can be distinguished