CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. MADOENSIS (SECT. THEA, THEACEAE), A NEW TAXON FROM VIETNAM

Camellia sinensis var. madoensis is described and illustrated as a new variety of Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) from Xuan Loc Commune, Song Cau District, Phu Yen Province. The new variety is easily distinguishable from C. sinensis var. sinensis by style free ½ to the base. The ITS sequence of this variety is also different from that of Camellia sinensis and its other varieties, while the matK gene sequences are nearly identical among Camellia taxa.Camellia sinensis var. madoensis được mô tả và minh họa với vai trò là một thứ mới của Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) ghi nhận tại xã Xuân Lộc, huyện Sông Cầu, tỉnh Phú Yên. Thứ mới này có thể dễ dàng phân biệt với C. sinensis var. sinensis bởi vòi nhụy rời ½ tính từ đế. Trình tự ITS của thứ này cũng khác với Camellia sinensis và các thứ khác của nó

Breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of Camellia Sinensis (green tea): an updated review.

INTRODUCTION Camellia sinensis belongs to the plant family of Theaceae, native to East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, but naturalized in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to overview its anti-breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. This review article is aimed to overview breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of Camellia sinensis (green tea). METHODS This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases. The initial search strategy identified around 108 references. In this study, 68 studies were accepted for further screening, and met all our inclusion criteria [in English, full text, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of Camellia sinensis and dated mainly from the year 1999 to 2016. The search terms were Camellia sinensis, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic properties, pharmacological effects. RESULT The result of this study suggested that the catechin available in Camellia sinensis has properties which can prevent and treat breast cancer. It has also been shown to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells and to block carcinogenesis. It was found that increased Camellia sinensis consumption may lower the risk of breast cancer. Camellia sinensis intake was shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer incidence. In addition, potential breast cancer chemopreventive effect of Camellia sinensis both in vivo and in vitro was highly confirmed. However, the evidence of low effect and no effect was observed. More clinical trial studies are needed to prove its anti-breast cancer activity decisively. CONCLUSION Camellia sinensis is broadly utilized as a part of customary medication since antiquated time because of its cost adequacy, and fewer reaction properties. The studies demonstrated anti-breast cancer activity of Camellia sinensis and its component by adjusting cell signaling pathways such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and transcription factor. Furthermore, Camellia sinensis and its chemical compound was shown to be extremely useful in the development of novel anticancer medications

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF EMBELIA RIBES AND CAMELLIA SINENSIS: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THEIR ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY

Objective: The present research work deals with the establishment of a standardization parameter for the Pharmacognositical evaluation of the plant Embelia Ribes and Camellia sinensis. Embelia Ribes is widely using in parasitic intestinal infection, however; Camellia sinensis is mainly used in the beverage preparation, for their Antioxidant activity but their anthelmintic effect is unknown. The present study aims to find out the effect of Camellia sinensis against pheritima Posthuma and compare their anthelmintic effect with Embelia Ribes. Methods: The study has been performed under the different parameters 1). The physicochemical parameter includes total Ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water-soluble ash value, moisture content, and foreign organic matter 2). The phytochemical investigation includes the Extraction of Embelia Ribes and Camellia sinensis in different solvents in the increasing order of their polarity with Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, distilled respectively and showed the presence of Alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds. 3) The pharmacological studies include the In vitro anthelmintic effect of Embellia Ribes and Camellia sinensis (ethanolic extract) against Pheritima Posthuma. The paralysis time and death time were studied. Results: Shows the physic-chemical parameters such as total Ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water-soluble ash value, moisture content and foreign organic matter, which was determined to be not more than 8.98%, 1.5%, 7.8%, 3.2% and 0.25% in Embelia ribes as well as 7.78%, 1.6%, 8%, 2.2% and 0.21% in Camellia sinensis. Anthelemintic effect of Embellia ribes and Camellia sinensis (ethanolic extract) were investigated by measuring the paralysis time (75+3.76, 60+4.30, 48+4.40 and 73.32+3.80, 53.34+2.50, 38.55+3.45 respectively) and death time (140+2.82, 135+9.95, 97.55+4.25 and 124.85+5.30, 110.82+5.80, 80.30+2.80) at three different concentration 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, against Pheritima posthuma and compares with the standard drug (Albendazole). Conclusion: Camellia sinensis (ethanolic extract) extract and affords protection against helminthes (Pheritima Posthuma) and results show that Camellia sinensis is as effective as embellia ribes

EFEK ANTIBAKTERIAL REBUSAN TEH HIJAU (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS SEBAGAI PERIODONTOPATOGEN PERIODONTITIS AGRESIF.

ABSTRAKNama : Amalia Dwi Habdani HarahapProgram Studi : Kedokteran GigiJudul : Efek Antibakterial Rebusan Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis)terhadap Pertumbuhan Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitanssebagai Periodontopatogen Periodontitis Agresif.Periodontitis agresif adalah penyakit inflamasi pada jaringan periodonsium yangmengakibatkan terjadinya kehilangan perlekatan dan resorpsi tulang dengan cepat.Terjadinya periodontitis agresif dihubungkan dengan dominannya bakteriAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) dalam plakgigi. Teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) merupakan minuman kesehatan yang memilikiefek antibakteri. Penelitian dengan desain eksperimental laboratoris ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui efek antibakteri rebusan teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) terhadappertumbuhan A. actinomycetemcomitans sebagai agen penyebab periodontitisagresif. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans yang telah dikultur di mediaAaGM dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC dalam suasana anaerob dilakukan ujikonfirmasi dengan pewarnaan Gram dan penentuan kekeruhan bakteri denganspektrofotometri. Uji pengaruh rebusan teh hijau (Camelia sinensis) terhadappertumbuhan A. actinomycetemcomitans dilakukan dengan metode difusi agarpada media MHA. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis dengan Kruskal Wallisdengan ?=0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rebusanteh hijau (Camelia sinensis) memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan A.actinomycetemcomitans sebagai agen penyebab periodontitis agresif dengankemampuan daya hambat yang sedang.Kata Kunci : Periodontitis Agresif, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Rebusan Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis)

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TEH CAMELLIA SINENSIS 50% SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK TANGAN

Introduction: : Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. The recent COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene has become the necessity. Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic. Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences–Atma Jaya Jakarta Catholic University of Indonesia. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis. Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70%  alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300). Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol.Introduction: Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. Hand hygiene has become the necessity in the recent COVID-19 pandemic . Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic. Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of School of Medicine and Health Sciences – Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis. Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70% alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300). Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol

In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori urease with non and semi fermented Camellia sinensis

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori is the etiological agent in duodenal and peptic ulcers. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds, especially from natural sources. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Camellia sinensis extracts on the urease enzyme that is a major colonization factor for H. pylori. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nonfermented and semifermented C. sinensis methanol: water extracts were assessed by broth dilution method. Examination of the urease function was performed by Mc Laren method, and urease production was detected on 12% SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from whole cell and membrane bound proteins. Results: Both extracts had inhibitory effects against H. pylori and urease production. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml of nonfermented extract and 3.5 mg/ml of semifermented extract the production of Ure A and Ure B subunits of the urease enzyme were inhibited completely. A concentration of 4 mg/ml of nonfermented and 5.5 mg/ml of semifermented extract were bactericidal for H. pylori. Conclusions: C. sinensis extracts, especially the nonfermented, could reduce H. pylori population and inhibit urease production at lower concentrations. The superior effect of nonfermented extract is due to its rich polyphenolic compounds and catechin contents

The Use of Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis) Orally to Prevent Dyslipidemia in Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Fed A High-Fat Diet

One of the significant danger factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke is dyslipidemia. According to long-term prospective epidemiological research, coronary heart disease is less common in those with good lipid profiles who lead better lives. In this study, on a high-fat diet, female wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) will be tested and analyzed to see if green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) can prevent dyslipidemia when given orally. Compared to a control group that received only distilled water, the trial group that received 5 milliliters of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) had significantly lower total and LDL cholesterol levels and higher HDL cholesterol levels. This treatment was more effective in lowering cholesterol overall. The components found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), including tannins, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids, can induce this. When certain bioactive substances are off, the body can bring them back into normalcy. These results suggest that white wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), given a high-fat diet, can benefit from green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract to avoid dyslipidemia. Your lipid profile can be improved by ingesting green tea extract. The primary polyphenol in tea, catechin, is responsible for this transformation. Therefore, the Camellia sinensis plant, from which green tea is made, is a valuable plant that can halt or slow the progression of several ailments, including hypertension, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disorders

Cold treatment breaks dormancy but jeopardizes flower quality in Camellia japonica L.

Camellia japonica L. is an evergreen shrub whose cultivars are of great ornamental value. In autumn, after flower bud differentiation, dormancy is initiated. As in many other spring flowering woody ornamentals, winter low temperatures promote dormancy release of both flower and vegetative buds. However, warm spells during late autumn and winter can lead to unfulfilled chilling requirements leading to erratic and delayed flowering. We hypothesized that storing plants at no light and low temperature could favor dormancy breaking and lead to early and synchronized flowering in response to forcing conditions in C. japonica ‘Nuccio’s Pearl’. Plants with fully developed floral primordia were stored at dark, 7∘C, and RH > 90% for up to 8 weeks. To monitor endodormancy release during the storage, we evaluated the content of abscisic acid (ABA) in flower buds and the expression profiles of five putative genes related to dormancy and cold acclimation metabolism in leaves and flower buds. In addition, the expression of four anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes was profiled in flower buds to assess the effect of the treatment on flower pigment biosynthesis. At 0, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of cold treatment, 10 plants were transferred to the greenhouse and forced to flower. Forced plant flower qualities and growth were observed. The ABA content and the expression profiles of two dormancy-related genes (CjARP and CjDEH) suggested that dormancy breaking occurred after 6–8 weeks of cold treatment. Overall, plants treated for 6–8 weeks showed earlier vegetative sprouting, enhanced, and homogeneous flowering with reduced forcing time. Prolonged cold treatments also reduced flower size and longevity, anthocyanin content, and pigment biosynthesis-related gene transcripts. In conclusion, the cold treatment had a promotive effect on dormancy breaking but caused severe drawbacks on flower quality

CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. MADOENSIS (SECT. THEA, THEACEAE), A NEW TAXON FROM VIETNAM

Camellia sinensis var. madoensis is described and illustrated as a new variety of Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) from Xuan Loc Commune, Song Cau District, Phu Yen Province. The new variety is easily distinguishable from C. sinensis var. sinensis by style free ½ to the base. The ITS sequence of this variety is also different from that of Camellia sinensis and its other varieties, while the matK gene sequences are nearly identical among Camellia taxa

Rubisco-bis-phosphate oxygenase (RuBP)- A potential housekeeping gene for qPCR assays in tea

The present experiment is an effort to find a stable reference gene in Camellia sinensis and Camellia assamica under different biotic and abiotic stresses. This study evaluate the variation in gene expression across tea leaf tissues in nine experiments. The suitability of 18S rRNA, 26S rRNA, rubiscobis- phosphatase oxygenase (RuBP) and Camellia tubulin (CaT) as reference genes were validated by geNorm and BestKeeper programs. The finding reveals 18S rRNA and RuBP to be the most stably expressed housekeeping genes, the latter being the first report of its kind in tea. The finding paves the way for their application in accurate quantification of trait specific gene expression and other genomic studies in tea.Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Camellia assamica, qPCR, BestKeeper, geNorm, housekeeping gen