99 research outputs found
The Impact of National Militaries on Global Health
Get PDFHistorically, the movement of military personnel has had serious consequences on global health. From the decimation of native people in the western hemisphere through the introduction of smallpox to the cholera epidemic in Haiti, militaries and military operations have served to spread disease and facilitate the emergence or re-emergence of novel disease organisms. This chapter provides historical insight into these impacts and reviews the impacts of more recent military activities, especially, recent military operations, on the global burden of disease and health to include vector borne disease, infectious diseases, and emerging diseases across the globe. Emphasis will be placed on current military operations
Health, Hygiene and Sanitation in Latin America, c.1870 to c.1950
Get PDFThis Research Paper sets out to examine transitions within health care in Latin America between c. 1870 and c. 1950 and offers a preliminary synthesis. Whereas a powerful historiography has evolved over the past thirty years that
strives to synthesise diffuse materials on the insertion of Latin America into the world economy and subsequent 'de-linkage', there are few attempts to
summarise the historiography of social policy. Given the embryonic nature of the subject, the author is trying to avoid premature generalisation and excessive claims, and is fully conscious that more questions are raised than
are resolved by this paper. A broad chronological canvas is adopted, which
is useful in clarifying diversity within the continent, but can also obscure
issues of periodisation.
The first section enquires into the relationship between the genesis of a
modern public health policy and the experience of tackling epidemic and
endemic diseases, and reviews the motives behind ameliorative health
measures undertaken by the state and business, especially foreign enterprise,
and their significance. The second section investigates the interaction
between external forces and domestic changes: both the role of an international
voluntary agency in tackling prostitution and, by implication, venereal
diseases; and the significance of missions from developed countries that
aimed to raise an alertness to modern methodology and investigation in
'tropical medicine', to institutionalise public health laboratories, and to
undertake 'campaigns' against targeted diseases. This section concludes with
an analysis of a specific example of externally inspired innovation in hygiene
and sanitation: the Panama Canal. There follows a section that uses the
special case of Rio de Janeiro to elucidate problems of evolving a public
health policy for cities; and from that vantage point looks at the beginnings
of public health policy in the Brazilian countryside. The penultimate section
looks at the diffusion of scientific knowledge, the limits to its impact and the
resilience of Luso-Hispanic, Amerindian and Afro-Latin American traditions
of healing and curing. The final section consists of notes on the nature of the
relationship between levels of health and of nutrition and housing
Public Health Reports index to volume XIX, Part II, from June to December, inclusive. 1904
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