389 research outputs found
WINDERFUL Wind and INfrastructures
WINDERFUL (an acronym for Wind and INfrastructures: Dominating Eolian Risk For Utilities and Lifelines) is the title of a research project carried out by eight Italian Universities from the end of 2001 to the end of 2003. The project was centred on how "to keep a city running and ensuring quality services during and after major windstorms", avoiding "major failures" of engineering facilities and main infrastructures. The book reports the main results obtained in the project, and for each typology the tool for assessing its reliability are discussed, together with the criteria for its improvement
Optimal Deep Learning Assisted Design of Socially and Environmentally Efficient Steel Concrete Composite Bridges under Constrained Budgets
Tesis por compendio[ES] El diseño de infraestructuras está fuertemente influido por la búsqueda de soluciones que tengan en cuenta el impacto en la economía, el medio ambiente y la sociedad. Estos criterios están muy relacionados con la definición de sostenibilidad que hizo la Comisión Brundtland en 1987. Este hito supuso un reto para técnicos, científicos y legisladores. Este reto consistía en generar métodos, criterios, herramientas y normativas que permitieran incluir el concepto de sostenibilidad en el desarrollo y diseño de nuevas infraestructuras. Desde entonces, se han producido pequeños avances en la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad, pero se necesitan más a corto plazo. Como plan de acción, las Naciones Unidas establecieron los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, fijando el año 2030 como meta para alcanzarlos. Dentro de estos objetivos, las infraestructuras se postulan como un punto crítico. Tradicionalmente, se han desarrollado métodos para obtener diseños óptimos desde el punto de vista del impacto económico. Sin embargo, aunque en los últimos tiempos se ha avanzado en la aplicación y utilización de métodos de análisis del ciclo de vida completo, aún falta un consenso claro, especialmente en el pilar social de la sostenibilidad. Dado que la sostenibilidad engloba diferentes criterios, que en principio no van necesariamente de la mano, el problema de la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad se plantea no sólo como un problema de optimización, sino también como un problema de toma de decisiones multi-criterio.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es proponer diferentes metodologías para la obtención de diseños óptimos que introduzcan los pilares de la sostenibilidad en el diseño de puentes mixtos acero-hormigón. Como problema estructural representativo se propone un puente viga en cajón de tres vanos mixto. Dada la complejidad de la estructura, en la que intervienen 34 variables discretas, la optimización con métodos matemáticos resulta inabordable. Por ello, se propone el uso de algoritmos metaheurísticos. Esta complejidad también se traduce en un alto coste computacional para el modelo, por lo que se implementa un modelo de redes neuronales profundas que permite la validación del diseño sin necesidad de computación. Dada la naturaleza discreta del problema, se proponen técnicas de discretización para adaptar los algoritmos al problema de optimización estructural. Además, para mejorar las soluciones obtenidas a partir de estos algoritmos discretos, se introducen métodos de hibridación basados en la técnica K-means y operadores de mutación en función del tipo de algoritmo. Los algoritmos utilizados se clasifican en dos ramas. La primera son los basados en trayectorias como el Simulated Annealing, Threshold Accepting y el Algoritmo del Solterón. Por otra parte, se utilizan algoritmos de inteligencia de enjambre como Jaya, Sine Cosine Algorithm y Cuckoo Search. La metodología de Análisis del Ciclo de Vida definida en la norma ISO 14040 se utiliza para evaluar el impacto social y medioambiental de los diseños propuestos. La aplicación de esta metodología permite evaluar el impacto y compararlo con otros diseños. La evaluación mono-objetivo de los diferentes criterios lleva a la conclusión de que la optimización de costes está asociada a una reducción del impacto medioambiental y social de la estructura. Sin embargo, la optimización de los criterios medioambientales y sociales no reduce necesariamente los costes. Por ello, para realizar una optimización multi-objetivo y encontrar una solución de compromiso, se implementa una técnica basada en la Teoría de Juegos, proponiendo una estrategia de juego cooperativo. La técnica multi-criterio utilizada es la Teoría de la Entropía para asignar pesos a los criterios para la función objetivo agregada. Los criterios considerados son los tres pilares de la sostenibilidad y la facilidad constructiva de la losa superior. Aplicando esta técnica se obtiene un diseño óptimo relativo a los tres pilares de la soste[CAT] El disseny d'infraestructures està fortament influït per la cerca de solucions que tinguen en compte l'impacte en l'economia, el medi ambient i la societat. Aquests criteris estan molt relacionats amb la definició de sostenibilitat que va fer la Comissió Brundtland en 1987. Aquesta fita va suposar un repte per a tècnics, científics i legisladors. Aquest repte consistia a generar mètodes, criteris, eines i normatives que permeteren incloure el concepte de sostenibilitat en el desenvolupament i disseny de noves infraestructures. Des de llavors, s'han produït xicotets avanços en la cerca de la sostenibilitat, però es necessiten més a curt termini. Com a pla d'acció, les Nacions Unides van establir els Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible, fixant l'any 2030 com a meta per aconseguir-los. Dins d'aquests objectius, les infraestructures es postulen com un punt crític. Tradicionalment, s'han desenvolupat mètodes per a obtindre dissenys òptims des del punt de vista de l'impacte econòmic. No obstant això, encara que en els últims temps s'ha avançat en l'aplicació i utilització de mètodes d'anàlisis del cicle de vida complet, encara falta un consens clar, especialment en el pilar social de la sostenibilitat. Atés que la sostenibilitat engloba diferents criteris, que en principi no van necessàriament de la mà, el problema de la cerca de la sostenibilitat es planteja no sols com un problema d'optimització, sinó també com un problema de presa de decisions multi-criteri.
L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral és proposar diferents metodologies per a l'obtenció de dissenys òptims que introduïsquen els pilars de la sostenibilitat en el disseny de ponts mixtos. Com a problema estructural representatiu es proposa un pont viga en calaix de tres vans mixt. Donada la complexitat de l'estructura, en la qual intervenen 34 variables discretes, l'optimització amb mètodes matemàtics resulta inabordable. Per això, es proposa l'ús d'algorismes metaheurísticos. Aquesta complexitat també es tradueix en un alt cost computacional per al model, per la qual cosa s'implementa un model de xarxes neuronals profundes que permet la validació del disseny sense necessitat de computació. Donada la naturalesa discreta del problema, es proposen tècniques de discretització per a adaptar els algorismes al problema d'optimització estructural. A més, per a millorar les solucions obtingudes a partir d'aquests algorismes discrets, s'introdueixen mètodes d'hibridació basats en la tècnica K-*means i operadors de mutació en funció del tipus d'algorisme. Els algorismes utilitzats es classifiquen en dues branques. La primera són els basats en trajectòries com la Simulated Annealing, Threshold Accepting i el Old Bachelor Acceptance. D'altra banda, s'utilitzen algorismes d'intel·ligència d'eixam com Jaya, Sine Cosine Algorithm i Cuckoo Search. La metodologia d'Anàlisi del Cicle de Vida definida en la norma ISO 14040 s'utilitza per a avaluar l'impacte social i mediambiental dels dissenys proposats. L'aplicació d'aquesta metodologia permet avaluar l'impacte i comparar-lo amb altres dissenys. L'avaluació mono-objectiu dels diferents criteris porta a la conclusió que l'optimització de costos està associada a una reducció de l'impacte mediambiental i social de l'estructura. No obstant això, l'optimització dels criteris mediambientals i socials no redueix necessàriament els costos. Per això, per a realitzar una optimització multi-objectiu i trobar una solució de compromís, s'implementa una tècnica basada en la Teoria de Jocs, proposant una estratègia de joc cooperatiu. La tècnica multi-criteri utilitzada és la Teoria de l'Entropia per a assignar pesos als criteris per a la funció objectiu agregada. Els criteris considerats són els tres pilars de la sostenibilitat i la facilitat constructiva de la llosa superior. Aplicant aquesta tècnica s'obté un disseny òptim relatiu als tres pilars de la sostenibilitat i a partir del qual es millora la facilitat constructiva.[EN] Infrastructure design is strongly influenced by the search for solutions considering the impact on the economy, the environment, and society. These criteria were strongly related to the definition of sustainability by the Brundtland Commission in 1987. This milestone posed a challenge for technicians, scientists, and legislators alike. This challenge consisted of generating methods, criteria, tools, and regulations that would allow the inclusion of the concept of sustainability in developing and designing new infrastructures. Since then, small advances have been made in the search for sustainability, but they need more in the short term. As an action plan, the United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals, setting the year 2030 as the target for achieving them. Within these goals, infrastructure is postulated as a critical point. Traditionally, methods have been developed to obtain optimal designs from the point of view of economic impact. However, although recent advances have been made in implementing and using complete life cycle analysis methods, there still needs to be a clear consensus, especially in the social pillar of sustainability. Given that sustainability encompasses different criteria, which in principle do not necessarily go hand in hand, the problem of finding sustainability is posed not only as an optimization problem but also as a multi-criteria decision-making problem.
The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to propose different methodologies for obtaining optimal designs that introduce the pillars of sustainability in the design of steel-concrete composite bridges. A three-span box-girder bridge is proposed as a representative structural problem. Given the complexity of the structure, which involves 34 discrete variables, optimization with mathematical methods is unaffordable. Therefore, the use of metaheuristic algorithms is proposed. This complexity also translates into a high computational cost for the model, so a deep neural networks model is implemented to allow the validation of the design without the need for computation. Given the problem's discrete nature, discretization techniques are proposed to adapt the algorithms to the structural optimization problem. In addition, to improve the solutions obtained from these discrete algorithms, hybridization methods based on the K-means technique and mutation operators are introduced depending on the type of algorithm. The algorithms used are classified into two branches. The first are those based on trajectories such as Simulated Annealing, Threshold Accepting, and Old Bachelor Acceptance. Moreover, swarm intelligence algorithms such as Jaya, Sine Cosine Algorithm, and Cuckoo Search are used. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology defined in the ISO 14040 standard is used to evaluate the social and environmental impact of the proposed designs. The application of this methodology allows the evaluation of the impact and comparison with other designs. The single-objective evaluation of the different criteria leads to the conclusion that cost optimization is associated with a reduction of the environmental and social impact of the structure. However, optimizing environmental and social criteria does not necessarily reduce costs. Therefore, to perform a multi-objective optimization and find a compromise solution, a technique based on Game Theory is implemented, proposing a cooperative game strategy. The multi-criteria technique used is the Entropy Theory to assign criteria weights for the aggregate objective function. The criteria considered are the three pillars of sustainability and the constructive ease of the top slab. Applying this technique results in an optimal design concerning the three pillars of sustainability and from which the constructive ease is improved.I would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This research would not have been possible without the support of grant FPU-18/01592, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, "ESF invests in your future", as well as the financial assistance provided by DIMALIFE (BIA2017-85098-R) and HYDELIFE (PID2020-117056RB-I00), both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011-00011033, and "ERDF A way of making Europe".Martínez Muñoz, D. (2023). Optimal Deep Learning Assisted Design of Socially and Environmentally Efficient Steel Concrete Composite Bridges under Constrained Budgets [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195967Compendi
Proceedings of MEDYNA2020, 3rd Euro-Mediterranean Conference on Structural Dynamics and Vibroacoustics
14th Conference on Dynamical Systems Theory and Applications DSTA 2017 ABSTRACTS
From Preface:
This is the fourteen time when the conference “Dynamical Systems – Theory and
Applications” gathers a numerous group of outstanding scientists and engineers, who deal with
widely understood problems of theoretical and applied dynamics.
Organization of the conference would not have been possible without a great effort of the
staff of the Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics. The patronage over
the conference has been taken by the Committee of Mechanics of the Polish Academy of
Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
It is a great pleasure that our invitation has been accepted by so many people, including good
colleagues and friends as well as a large group of researchers and scientists, who decided to
participate in the conference for the first time. With proud and satisfaction we welcome nearly
250 persons from 38 countries all over the world. They decided to share the results of their
research and many years experiences in the discipline of dynamical systems by submitting many
very interesting papers.
This booklet contains a collection of 375 abstracts, which have gained the acceptance of
referees and have been qualified for publication in the conference proceedings [...]
Determination of Bridge Behavior Through Live-load Testing and Advanced Numerical Analysis
Bridges represent critical nodes in the United States’ transportation network, and an accurate understanding of their strength and durability is paramount to their continued use to transport people and goods. Traditionally, bridge assessment has been conducted through conventional beam-line analysis of isolated bridge components as specified by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Although this method is reasonable for relatively new structures whose behavior are well understood, it can lead to significant over-conservative estimates of live-load capacity for older structures and for new types of structure for which design bases are still being developed. For such structures, investigation by experimental and numerical analysis can lead to much more accurate predictions of live-load capacity, potentially reducing the need for repair and remedial action, or further design optimization. This dissertation presents the results of experimental and numerical analysis of a series of older reinforced concrete (RC) T-beam bridges and a novel fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite tub (CT) girder bridge, as well as the development of a novel numerical analysis technique, Proxy Finite Element Analysis (PFEA). RC T-beam bridges are common in the state of Maine and are often much older than their initial design life. These bridges frequently do not rate adequately based on AASHTO procedures, despite continuing to carry modern loading without signs of distress, leading to expensive, possibly unneeded remedial actions. To better assess their live-load capacity, a series of ten such bridges is subjected to non-destructive live-load testing (NDLLT) under high vehicular load. The strain response of each is extracted, allowing a better understanding of its behavior and updated capacity estimates to be determined. Based on the results of these tests, the flexural ratings factors (RFs) of each of these structures could be increased, with six increasing to above 1.0, demonstrating their adequacy for modern loading. The behavior of these bridges is further investigated through numerical analysis of detailed, linear finite element (FE) models. To allow straightforward inclusion of the complex nonlinear constitutive behavior of RC T-beam bridge girders in nonlinear FE analysis for capacity rating, a novel technique, PFEA is developed and later expanded for generality. This technique extracts a girder section’s nonlinear moment-curvature relationship and applies it to a fictitious, “proxy” section for which nonlinear analysis is much less cumbersome. The technique is verified against previous destructive tests of individual girders and a full bridge, and its utility is expanded, demonstrating its generality. Finally, it is used to load rate the previously tested RC T-beam bridges, resulting in significant increases to each structure’s flexural RF. The Hampden Grist Mill Bridge (HGMB) in Hampden, Maine is the first bridge in the world to use the FRP CT girder system developed by the University of Maine and was constructed in 2020. As such, its behavior was relatively unknown. To better characterize the bridge’s behavior, it is subjected to NDLLT and its response measured. It is found that the structure behaves much more rigidly than designed, with more uniform load distribution and significant unintended rotation end fixity. This testing also allows for an updates capacity load rating to be determined, further displaying the structure’s adequate and conservative design. These aspects of the HGMB’s behavior are further investigated through analysis of detailed, linear FE models
Structural optimization in steel structures, algorithms and applications
L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 289)
This bibliography lists 792 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in Mar. 1993. Subject coverage includes: design, construction and testing of aircraft and aircraft engines; aircraft components, equipment, and systems; ground support systems; and theoretical and applied aspects of aerodynamics and general fluid dynamics
Vibration, Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems
From Preface: This is the fourteenth time when the conference “Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications” gathers a numerous group of outstanding scientists and engineers, who deal with widely understood problems of theoretical and applied dynamics. Organization of the conference would not have been possible without a great effort of the staff of the Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics. The patronage over the conference has been taken by the Committee of Mechanics of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland. It is a great pleasure that our invitation has been accepted by recording in the history of our conference number of people, including good colleagues and friends as well as a large group of researchers and scientists, who decided to participate in the conference for the first time. With proud and satisfaction we welcomed over 180 persons from 31 countries all over the world. They decided to share the results of their research and many years experiences in a discipline of dynamical systems by submitting many very interesting papers. This year, the DSTA Conference Proceedings were split into three volumes entitled “Dynamical Systems” with respective subtitles: Vibration, Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems; Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Dynamical System Analysis and Engineering Dynamics and Life Sciences. Additionally, there will be also published two volumes of Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics entitled “Dynamical Systems in Theoretical Perspective” and “Dynamical Systems in Applications”
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