So We Ran...

This paper tells the true story of a Hungarian refugee who\u27s family fled the communist regime there in 1971. Gabriella Bercze\u27s story reflects on what it was like to live in Hungary under communist rule, and her family\u27s experience in escaping the country, and fleeing to Italy, where they lived in a refugee camp for months before immigrating to the United States in the early 70s

Italy’s Refugee Burden and the Role of the EU in Asylum Cases

Italy\u27s unique geographic location at the coast of the Mediteranean Sea gives much opportunity for the international community to criticize its dealings with asylum seekers crossing the body of water to enter Europe. The UNHCR reported that as of October 2014, 165,000 asylum seekers had taken dangerous journeys across the Mediterranean Sea; of those 165,000 people, Italy received 140,000

Integrated supplier management system a case study: PARL Bone Mills

Effective supplier management is vital for successful business operation of any business organization. Supplier management is a technique and continuous activity that used to control and make decision about supplier management. Cooperative managers make wise supplier management decision by using supplier management strategy as part of an organized plan. Therefore the research is to implement IS in supplier management at PARL Bone Mills. The Management Information System (MIS) will propose a decision making process for the management at PARL Bone Mills. From the initial findings, the management often faces some problems in taking the supplier record where it is done manually. Therefore, the proposed MIS system will be able to choose a useful supplier who will make available of right product as per the organization’s need. By implementing ICT strategy successfully at PARL Bone Mills, especially MIS system, it is hoped that it can bring some effective and efficient improvement to their supplier management system and this project will also help them to reduce their misuse of time

PEMILIHAN BAHASA DALAM KELUARGA CAMPURANRNDI KECAMATAN KEJURUAN MUDA KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG

ABSTRAKKata kunci : pemilihan bahasa, keluarga campuran, bahasa IndonesiaPenelitian yang berjudul Pemilihan Bahasa dalam Keluarga Campuran diKecamatan Kejuruan Muda Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang ini mengangkat masalah (1)bahasa apa yang dipilih oleh keluarga campuran di Kecamatan Kejuruan MudaKabupaten Aceh Tamiang dan (2) faktor apakah yang melatarbelakangi pemilihanbahasa oleh keluarga campuran di Kecamatan Kejuruan Muda Kabupaten AcehTamiang tersebut. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah keluarga campuran yang terdiriatas ayah, ibu, dan anak yang ayah dan ibunya berasal dari suku yang berbeda.Keluarga campuran yang dijadikan sumber data berjumlah 28 KK dan terdiri atasberbagai suku, yaitu: Mandailing-Jawa, Mandailing-Aceh, Aceh-Mandailing, Aceh-Tamiang, Aceh-Sunda, Aceh-Minangkabau, Aceh-Jawa, Jawa-Aceh, Jawa-Minangkabau, Minangkabau-Aceh, Minangkabau-Tamiang, Minangkabau-Batak,Batak-Jawa, Tamiang-Jawa, Tamiang-Aceh, Tamiang-Karo, dan Gayo-Aceh.Metode penilitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen yangdigunakan dalam penelitian terdiri atas (1) peneliti, dan (2) alat rekam dan catat.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan dan cakap (wawancara)berdasarkan masing-masing keluarga campuran yang ada di Kecamatan KejuruanMuda. Penganalisisan data dilakukan dengan langkah sebagai berikut: (1) datadikelompokkan berdasarkan rumusan masalah, (2) mengklasifikasikan data sesuaidengan aspek yang diteliti, (3) membenahi hasil catatan pengamatan dan wawancara,(4) mendata semua data dan melakukan analisis ulang serta menyampaikan hasilnyasesuai dengan masalah dalam bentuk deskriptif, dan (5) membuat simpulan akhir.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan bahasa yang dilakukan oleh keluargacampuran di Kecamatan Kejuruan Muda sebanyak 16 keluarga memilih bahasaIndonesia dalam proses komunikasi, 2 keluarga terdapat penggunaan bahasa Jawadalam proses komunikasi, 1 keluarga terdapat penggunaan bahasa Minangkabaudalam proses komunikasi, 5 keluarga terdapat penggunaan bahasa Aceh dalam proseskomunikasi, 2 keluarga terdapat penggunaan bahasa Tamiang dalam proseskomunikasi, 1 keluarga terdapat penggunaan bahasa Aceh dan Jawa di dalamkeluarganya, dan 1 keluarga terdapat penggunaan bahasa Tamiang dan Karo didalam keluarganya. Faktor yang melatarbelakangi pemilihan bahasa dalam keluargacampuran di Kecamatan Kejuruan Muda adalah (1) lingkungan tempat tinggal dansekolah, (2) orang tua tidak menurunkan bahasa daerah kepada anak, (3) hendakmerahasiakan pembicaraan, (4) penguasaan bahasa yang sama, (5) penguasaanbahasa yang berbeda, (6) kebiasaan berbahasa, (7) untuk mempermudah komunikasi,(8) motivasi, dan (9) ingin mewariskan bahasa daerah kepada anak

Bias Correction of ML and QML Estimators in the EGARCH(1,1) Model

n this paper we derive the bias approximations of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Quasi-Maximum Likelihood (QML) Estimators of the EGARCH(1,1) parameters and we check our theoretical results through simulations. With the approximate bias expressions up to O(1/T), we are then able to correct the bias of all estimators. To this end, a Monte Carlo exercise is conducted and the results are presented and discussed. We conclude that, for given sets of parameters values, the bias correction works satisfactory for all parameters. The results for the bias expressions can be used in order to formulate the approximate Edgeworth distribution of the estimators.

Improvements in Maximum Likelihood Estimators of Truncated Normal Samples with Prior Knowledge of σ

Researchers analyzing historical data on human stature have long sought an estimator that performs well in truncated-normal samples. This paper reviews that search, focusing on two currently widespread procedures: truncated least squares (TLS) and truncated maximum likelihood (TML). The first suffers from bias. The second suffers in practical application from excessive variability. A simple procedure is developed to convert TLS truncated means into estimates of the underlying population means, assuming the contemporary population standard deviation. This procedure is shown to be equivalent to restricted TML estimation. Simulation methods are used to establish the mean squared error performance characteristics of the restricted and unconstrained TML estimators in relation to several population and sample parameters. The results provide general insight into the bias-precision tradeoff in restricted estimation and a specific practical guide to optimal estimator choice for researchers in anthropometrics.truncated least squares; truncated maximum likelihood (TML); simulation methods; bias-precision trade-off; anthropometrics

Lagrangian bias in the local bias model

It is often assumed that the halo-patch fluctuation field can be written as a Taylor series in the initial Lagrangian dark matter density fluctuation field. We show that if this Lagrangian bias is local, and the initial conditions are Gaussian, then the two-point cross-correlation between halos and mass should be linearly proportional to the mass-mass auto-correlation function. This statement is exact and valid on all scales; there are no higher order contributions, e.g., from terms proportional to products or convolutions of two-point functions, which one might have thought would appear upon truncating the Taylor series of the halo bias function. In addition, the auto-correlation function of locally biased tracers can be written as a Taylor series in the auto-correlation function of the mass; there are no terms involving, e.g., derivatives or convolutions. Moreover, although the leading order coefficient, the linear bias factor of the auto-correlation function is just the square of that for the cross-correlation, it is the same as that obtained from expanding the mean number of halos as a function of the local density only in the large-scale limit. In principle, these relations allow simple tests of whether or not halo bias is indeed local in Lagrangian space. We discuss why things are more complicated in practice. We also discuss our results in light of recent work on the renormalizability of halo bias, demonstrating that it is better to renormalize than not. We use the Lognormal model to illustrate many of our findings.Comment: 14 pages, published on JCA

Bias in research

The aim of this article is to outline types of ‘bias’ across research designs, and consider strategies to minimise bias. Evidence-based nursing, defined as the “process by which evidence, nursing theory, and clinical expertise are critically evaluated and considered, in conjunction with patient involvement, to provide the delivery of optimum nursing care,”1 is central to the continued development of the nursing professional. Implementing evidence into practice requires nurses to critically evaluate research, in particular assessing the rigour in which methods were undertaken and factors that may have biased findings