Operation Boulder and its Effects on Arab-American Communities of the 1970\u27s

Operation Boulder, a United States government surveillance program deployed in 1972 under the direction of then-President Richard M. Nixon, launched a large-scale federal investigation of both Arab immigrants to the U.S. and Arab-Americans.1 In this context, the term “Arab” is used to mean a person originating from an Arabic-speaking country in the Middle East or North Africa, while “Arab-American” refers to a person of Arab lineage who was born in the United States. For the purposes of this paper, the Arabs and Arab-Americans referred to are only those residing in the United States. Before the project was canceled due to its overuse of resources, Operation Boulder led to the investigation of 150,000 Arabs.2 During the operation, government agents employed invasive and discriminatory tactics in their investigations of Arab immigrants and Arab-Americans. Further, a combination of historical evidence and contemporary analysis indicates that these federal investigations intended to suppress and divide Arab communities. However, though the U.S. government was able to dampen community activity initially, their surveillance tactics ultimately resulted in mobilization and cooperation within the Arab community in the U.S., resulting in a strengthened ethnic and cultural identity

[Review of] Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds. Arabs in the New World

This book is a collection of sociological essays on immigrant Arab communities in the United States. It is divided into three sections: the first provides historical background to the flow of immigrants from Arab countries; the second is devoted to case studies of Arab communities in the Detroit area (where the greatest concentration of Arab-Americans in the United States is located); and the third provides a useful bibliography of current scholarship about Arab-Americans

Honor Killings and the Construction of Gender in Arab Societies

This Article discusses the regulation and adjudication of honor killings in the Arab world and traces the distributive and disciplinary impact of such regulation/adjudication on Arab men and Arab women\u27s sexuality. In the afterword, the Article outlines the transformative effect of Islamicization of culture in the Arab world in the past twenty years on the practice of honor and killings committed in its name

Broadcasting the 2006 World Cup: The Right of Arab Fans versus ART Exclusivity

The 2006 World Cup found itself at the center of Arab countries’ attention. In the past fans enjoyed free access to the televised World Cup on public channels that maintain publicservice obligations.3 However, Arab Radio & Television (ART), a commercial broadcaster, bought the telecast rights to the World Cup matches in Arab countries. As a result of this deal, fans in Arab countries were not able to conveniently watch the World Cup broadcast. Further, the legal significance of the ART exclusive rights deal is not yet fully appreciated in Arab countries

Divided They Dally? The Arab World and a Nuclear Iran

Explores how the Arab states -- Gulf States, non-Gulf States, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria -- might react to a nuclear Iran. Considers possible changes to inter-Arab relations and the United States' role in working with Arab states to contain Iran

Intra-Arab trade and their economic integration

The dismantle restrictions and the elimination of trade obstacles have become a common feature in regional trade field. Although many countries in several regions in the world have increased their intra-trade, trade among Arab countries has been a relatively small portion of total their trade. The reasons of the weakness of intra-Arab trade are divided into economic reasons such as variance of GDPs of Arab countries, political reason such as political controversies, and natural reason such as geographical location. Using the gravity model fixed effects regression this paper analysis the determinants of intra-Arab trade during the 1985-2005 period. Despite of existence of possibility for intra-Arab trade expanding, the paper argues that this possibility needs -in addition to other factors– harmonize the economic policies and the procedures of trade implementations among Sub-regional Unions of Arab countries in particular or among all Arab countries overall. The real desire is also required to attain the increasing of intra-Arab trade and then obtain the economic development

Exploring Participatory Design Methods to Engage with Arab Communities

ArabHCI is an initiative inaugurated in CHI17 SIG Meeting that brought together 45+ HCI Arab and non-Arab researchers/practitioners who are conducting/interested in HCI within Arab communities. The goal of this workshop is to start dialogs that leverage our "insider" understanding of HCI research in the Arab context and assert our culture identity in design in order to explore challenges and opportunities for future research. In this workshop, we focus on one of the themes that derived our community discussions in most of the held events. We explore the extent to which participatory approaches in the Arab context are culturally and methodologically challenged. Our goal is to bring researchers/practitioners with success and failure stories while designing with Arab communities to discuss methods, share experiences and learned lessons. We plan to share the results of our discussions and research agenda with the wider CHI community through different social and scholarly channels

Running of the Spectral index in Deformed Matter Bounce Scenarios with Hubble-rate-dependent Dark Energy

As a deformed matter bounce scenario with a dark energy component we propose a deformed one with running vacuum model (RVM) in which the dark energy density is written as a power series of $H^2$ and $\dot H$ with a constant equation of state parameter same as the cosmological constant. Our results in analytical and numerical point of views show that in some cases same as LCDM bounce scenario, although the spectral index may achieve a good consistency with observations, a positive value of running of spectral index is obtained which is not compatible with inflationary paradigm where it predicts a small negative value for $\alpha_s$. However, by extending the power series up to $H^4$, $\rho_{\Lambda}=n_0+n_2 H^2+n_4 H^4$, and estimating a set of consistent parameters, we obtain the spectral index $n_s$, a small negative value of running $\alpha_s$ and tensor to scalar ratio $r$, which these reval a degeneracy between deformed matter bounce scenario with RVM-DE and inflationary cosmology.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure