The Andes mountain range uplift as a vicariant event in the Pimeliinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in southern South America

The Andes mountain range extends over 8500 km along the Pacific coast of South America. Its medium altitude is 3500 m, reaching more than 6000 m at different latitudes. The uplift of the Andes  split arid habitats creating very diverse ecosystems on both sides. The distribution of the Pimeliinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) south of parallel 15º South is analysed, where the Andean mountain range separates xeric habitats both eastward and westward. The genera of Pimeliinae show four distribution patterns: endemic taxa east of the Andes, endemic taxa west of the Andes, taxa widely distributed on both sides of the Andes, and taxa inhabiting high altitudes in the Andes. Known phylogenies of genera and species of Pimeliinae are examined in terms of the Andean mountain uplift creating a vicariant event. A biogeographical track exhibited by certain genera of Pimeliinae connecting central Chile and southern Argentina is examined.La vaste étendue des Andes couvre plus que 8500 km le long de la côte pacifique de l’Amérique du sud. L’altitude moyenne est de 3500 m mais elle dépasse plus que 6000 m avec des écosystemes très variés des deux côtés. La distribution des Pimeliinae (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) est examinée au sud du 15eme parallèlle où la formation des Andes a séparé des habitats désertiques à la fois vers l’est et vers l’ouest. Les genres de Pimeliinae montrent quatre modèles de distribution : espèces endémiques à l’ouest des Andes ; espèces endémiques à l’est des Andes ; espèces largement répandues les deux côtés des Andes et espèces habitant les hautes altitudes des Andes. La phylogénie connue de certaines espèces et genres est examinée pour événement vicariant à la suite de la formation des montagnes andines. Un chemin biogeographique démontré par quelques genres de Pimeliinae liant le Chile central et l’Argentine du sud est analysé.Fil: Flores, Gustavo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Pizarro Araya, Jaime. Universidad de La Serena; Chil

Deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests of Borneo

Deadwood is an important stock of carbon in logged-over Dipterocarp forests but still remains poorly studied. Here we present the study of deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests using two common approaches: plot-based approach and line-intersect-based approach. We conducted our research in three sites which are forest logged in 2003, 2007, and 2010 within Hutansanggam Labanan Lestari (HLL) forest, a certified forest concessionaire in Indonesia. We established 1,500 m of transect line (broken down in 50 m section) for each site. As a reference, we established 47 10 m x 10 m subplot for three sites. All fallen deadwood with diameter > 10 cm were recorded. Our results shows that the mass of fallen deadwood resulted by line-intersect-based method was much higher in compare to plotbased method. The mass of fallen deadwood in plot-based study (44.563 ± 9.155 Mg/ha) was significantly different with the mass of fallen deadwood in line-intersect-based study (69.587 ± 8.079 Mg/ha). Furthermore, for the variability of deadwood, both methods show consistence results which is the variability in 2003 was lower than that in 2007 and 2010. Based on our data, in order to get coefficient of variation of 10%, we recommend the use of minimum 40 plots of 20 m x 20 m to estimate deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests. (Texte intégral

Deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests of Borneo

Deadwood is an important stock of carbon in logged-over Dipterocarp forests but still remains poorly studied. Here we present the study of deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests using two common approaches: plot-based approach and line-intersect-based approach. We conducted our research in three sites which are forest logged in 2003, 2007, and 2010 within Hutansanggam Labanan Lestari (HLL) forest, a certified forest concessionaire in Indonesia. We established 1,500 m of transect line (broken down in 50 m section) for each site. As a reference, we established 47 10 m x 10 m subplot for three sites. All fallen deadwood with diameter > 10 cm were recorded. Our results shows that the mass of fallen deadwood resulted by line-intersect-based method was much higher in compare to plotbased method. The mass of fallen deadwood in plot-based study (44.563 ± 9.155 Mg/ha) was significantly different with the mass of fallen deadwood in line-intersect-based study (69.587 ± 8.079 Mg/ha). Furthermore, for the variability of deadwood, both methods show consistence results which is the variability in 2003 was lower than that in 2007 and 2010. Based on our data, in order to get coefficient of variation of 10%, we recommend the use of minimum 40 plots of 20 m x 20 m to estimate deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests. (Texte intégral

SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PERKEBUNAN DAN KEHUTANAN KABUPATEN SUMBAWA

Sistem informasi geografis merupakan sebuah sistem atau teknologi berbasis komputer yang dibangun dengan tujuan untuk mengumpulkan, menyimpan, mengolah dan menganalisa serta menyajikan data dan informasi dari suatu objek atau fenomena yang berkaitan dengan letak atau keberadaannya di permukaan bumi. Pada dasarnya SIG dapat dirinci menjadi beberapa subsistem yang saling berkaitan yang mencakup input data, manajemen data, pemrosesan atau analisis data, pelaporan dan hasil analisa. Sistem Informasi Geografis Perkebunan dan Kehutanan "ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah produksi Perkebunan dan Kehutanan,Luas Tanam yang ada di Kabupaten Sumbawa, yang jumlahnya kan dibagi kesetiap desa dan hasil yang akan diperoleh yaitu berbentuk webgis. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari: tahap analisis,  tahap perancangan, dan  tahap  Implementas

Automated screening of propulsion system test data by neural networks, phase 1

The evaluation of propulsion system test and flight performance data involves reviewing an extremely large volume of sensor data generated by each test. An automated system that screens large volumes of data and identifies propulsion system parameters which appear unusual or anomalous will increase the productivity of data analysis. Data analysts may then focus on a smaller subset of anomalous data for further evaluation of propulsion system tests. Such an automated data screening system would give NASA the benefit of a reduction in the manpower and time required to complete a propulsion system data evaluation. A phase 1 effort to develop a prototype data screening system is reported. Neural networks will detect anomalies based on nominal propulsion system data only. It appears that a reasonable goal for an operational system would be to screen out 95 pct. of the nominal data, leaving less than 5 pct. needing further analysis by human experts

Narrativa emergente contra a indústria extractiva em Tete : renegociando instituições através de protestos populares?

O presente artigo discute a interacção de cinco variáveis fundamentais, nomeadamente protestos populares, responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE), arranjos institucionais, desenvolvimento local e inclusão social. Esta análise foi desenvolvida com recurso ao Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), concretamente na modalidade da Análise Factorial Confirmatória (AFC). Os resultados mostram forte relação de causalidade entre protestos populares e arranjos institucionais. Contudo, os reajustamentos dos dispositivos legais do sector mineiro não se têm traduzido na melhoria das condições de vida das famílias afectadas pela actividade mineira em Tete.O presente artigo resulta de uma pesquisa financiada pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian com o apoio da FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PENERAPAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING (CTL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SDN SEKELIMUS

Penelitianinidilaksanakan di SDN Sekelimus Kecamatan Bandung Kidul K ota Bandung dengansubjek penelitian siswakelas IV denganjumlah 2 5 orang .P enelitianinididasariolehkondisipembelajaran IPS yang kurangefektifdanbermakna. Berdasarkanobservasiawal yang dilakukansebelumnyabahwa proses pembelajaran IPS yang terjadi di kelastidakbanyakmelibatkansiswa dalam pembelajaran sehingga siswa kurang termotivasi dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, serta guru masih yang masih menggunakan model pembelajaran yang konvensional sehingga hasil belajar tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Faktor lain yang runtutmenyumbangko ndisiiniadalahkemampuanprofesionalguru yangmasihkurang, sehing gahasilbelajar IPS materi masalah - masalah sosial masihrendah. Desainpenelitianinimenggunakan model PenelitianTindakanKelas (PTK) yang terdiridari 2 siklusde nganketentuansatusiklusada 2 kali pertem uan.Setiapsiklusnyameliputitahapperencanaan, pelaksanaantindakan, observasidanrefleksi.Hasilpenelitianmenunjukanbahwaadanyapeningkatan yang berarti proses pelaksanaanpembelajaran CTL, maupunhasilbelajarsiswa. Kesimpulan yang dapatdiambildaripenelitianiniad alahpenggunaan model CTL di kelas IV pa dapelajaran IPS di SDN Sekelimus terbuktiefektifdalammeningkatkanmotivasidanhasilbelajarsiswadandapa tmenanamkansikapkerjasamadalam proses pembelajaran. Sedangkanhasilbelajarsi swapadasiklus I rata - rata 70,2 denganpresent ase yang mencapai KKM 44 %, danpadasiklus II nila i rata - rata 87,4 denganp resentase yang mencapai KKM 92 %. Serta hasilresponsiswaterhadap proses tindakanpembelajaran CTL “HampirSeluruhnya” setujumeresponterhadapindikatorpembelajaran CTL. Hal tersebutmembuktik anbahwapenerapan model Contextual Teaching Learning dapatmeningkatkanmotivasidanhasilbelajarsisw

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling approaches in paediatric infectious diseases and immunology.

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling is used to describe and quantify dose-concentration-effect relationships. Within paediatric studies in infectious diseases and immunology these methods are often applied to developing guidance on appropriate dosing. In this paper, an introduction to the field of PKPD modelling is given, followed by a review of the PKPD studies that have been undertaken in paediatric infectious diseases and immunology. The main focus is on identifying the methodological approaches used to define the PKPD relationship in these studies. The major findings were that most studies of infectious diseases have developed a PK model and then used simulations to define a dose recommendation based on a pre-defined PD target, which may have been defined in adults or in vitro. For immunological studies much of the modelling has focused on either PK or PD, and since multiple drugs are usually used, delineating the relative contributions of each is challenging. The use of dynamical modelling of in vitro antibacterial studies, and paediatric HIV mechanistic PD models linked with the PK of all drugs, are emerging methods that should enhance PKPD-based recommendations in the future

Revisiting the structure and chemistry of 3(5)-Substituted Pyrazoles

Pyrazoles are known as versatile scaffolds in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, often used as starting materials for the preparation of more complex heterocyclic systems with relevance in the pharmaceutical field. Pyrazoles are also interesting compounds from a structural viewpoint, mainly because they exhibit tautomerism. This phenomenon may influence their reactivity, with possible impact on the synthetic strategies where pyrazoles take part, as well as on the biological activities of targets bearing a pyrazole moiety, since a change in structure translates into changes in properties. Investigations of the structure of pyrazoles that unravel the tautomeric and conformational preferences are therefore of upmost relevance. 3(5)-Aminopyrazoles are largely explored as precursors in the synthesis of condensed heterocyclic systems, namely pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. However, the information available in the literature concerning the structure and chemistry of 3(5)-aminopyrazoles is scarce and disperse. We provide a revision of data on the present subject, based on investigations using theoretical and experimental methods, together with the applications of the compounds in synthesis. It is expected that the combined information will contribute to a deeper understanding of structure/reactivity relationships in this class of heterocycles, with a positive impact in the design of synthetic methods, where they take part.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio