Análise do valor agregado em bovinos certificados para o programa de carne angus no sul do Brasil

The objective of this work was to analyze price aggregation and disaggregation in commercialized animals searching for "Programa Carne Angus" benefits in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data from 40,698 carcasses with Angus cattle racial pattern, slaughtered in a meat industry that performs the "Programa Carne Angus "certification, during the 2014 year were analyzed. The aggregated value was calculated by the difference between the negotiated base price for the lot and the final price obtained by animal after the certification process. The disaggregation was calculated based on the factors preventing the animals from being included in the certification program. The results show that the major disqualifying factor in males with the racial pattern was carcass fatness, and for females was the dentition, which disqualified 34.3 and 12.7% respectively. Value breakdown from 7,177 disqualified animals due to lack of finishing, or advanced dentition, reached R$1,213,528.00, or US$ 369,077.86 (US 51.43 per head), an amount that is no paid on from the industry to rural producers.Keywords: Aberdeen Angus, beef cattle dentition, beef cattle meat chain, fatness carcass, quality meat.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a agregação e a desagregação de valores dos animais comercializados em busca das bonificações do programa Carne Angus no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram analisados os dados de 40.698 carcaças de bovinos abatidos em uma indústria frigorífica que realiza a certificação para o programa Carne Angus, durante o ano de 2014. A agregação de valor foi calculada pela diferença entre o preço base negociado para o lote e o preço final obtido pelo animal depois do processo de certificação. A desagregação foi calculada em função dos fatores que impediram os animais de serem enquadrados no programa de certificação. Os resultados mostram que o maior motivo para a desclassificação de animais com o padrão racial foi a dentição e o acabamento, os quais desclassificam, respectivamente, 34,3 e 12,7% dos animais com padrão racial. A desagregação de valor resultante de 7.177 animas que foram desclassificados por falta de acabamento ou por dentição avançada atingiu um valor de R 1.213.528,00, ou US$369.077,86 (US$ 51,43 por cabeça), quantia esta que deixou de ser repassada da indústria aos produtores rurais.Palavras-chave: Aberdeen Angus, acabamento de carcaça, cadeia produtiva da carne bovina, carne de qualidade, dentição de bovinos

Trends and drivers of change of pastoral beef production systems in a mediterranean-temperate climate zone of chile

The present study used surveys of the cattle sector over the period of 2009–2015 to develop a typology of cattle farms to evaluate their evolution over time and to identify variables that may be associated with systems’ adaptive changes and continuance. Four groups of farms were defined using multivariate analyses as follows: Group I are small calf-cow operations using non-specialized beef breeds; Group II is similar to Group I but employs specialized beef breeds; Group III is dedicated to finishing cattle, and Group IV are larger farms (>1000 animals) with a complete cycle of breeding and fattening. In general, beef cattle production in the temperate—Mediterranean Southern Zone of Chile is declining in response to the opening up of the economy that allows for ample imports, the high opportunity cost of land, and recurrent droughts associated with climate change. Current policies and regulations have modified farms’ businesses models depending on their ease of access to markets, farm size and financial capacity. The defined groups require different development paths and strategies. Sustainable intensification is an alternative strategy for farms in Group I and II, particularly if they were to contract the finishing stage of their cattle with Group III farms. In contrast, it is suggested that Group IV farms concentrate on pastoral production using low external inputs to enhance the production of “natural” beef for high-value niche markets, with positive externalities

The Losses in the Beef Sector in Canada From BSE

The appearance of BSE in the Canadian beef herd brought immediate financial hardship to the industry due to the immediate closure of export outlets to Canadian beef, live animals and by-products. Nobody knew how long the border would stay closed and many worried that the Canadian beef industry could not survive a prolonged disruption of markets for beef. Previously, producers in Canada had enjoyed secure access to markets for beef around the world, with most of the exports destined for the United States, Mexico, Japan and South Korea. Both federal and provincial governments quickly developed assistance programs and, over the next two years, transferred about $2 billion to various sectors of the beef industry. Government subsidies certainly helped the beef sector but industry representatives argued that it did not cover nearly all the losses that had occurred. This is consistent with the results of this study.Livestock Production/Industries,

Bovine Science

Bovine Science - Challenges and Advances presents up-to-date knowledge of bovine health, covering both introductory topics and more advanced concepts. Chapters cover such topics as new techniques in bovine science and development, health and risk factors and diagnosis of disease in bovines, and production and reproductive technologies and advancements

Antecedentes prevención y control de Rhipicephalus microplus y de la tristeza parasitaria en Uruguay

En Uruguay, la garrapata Rhipicephalus microplus y la tristeza parasitaria causan pérdidas económicas anuales estimadas en 32.7 millones de dólares. El 44.6% de estas son costos por tratamientos que, muchas veces, no son realizados en los momentos adecuados o que, debido a la resistencia de R. microplus a los acaricidas, no son totalmente efectivos. Consecuentemente, se aumenta la dosis y el número de tratamientos, habiendo productores que realizan hasta 15 tratamientos por año, solo para el control, sin posibilidades de eliminación. El alto número de tratamientos puede llevar a la presencia de residuos en carne y poner en riesgo la salud pública. El objetivo de esta tesis fue aportar información sobre la adopción de medidas de control más eficientes que disminuyan la utilización de fármacos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los antecedentes de R. microplus y de la tristeza parasitaria en Uruguay para determinar los factores que influyeron en la dispersión de la garrapata y poder plantear alternativas de control. Debido a que Uruguay está situado en un área marginal para el desarrollo de la garrapata con el consecuente desequilibrio enzoótico, los brotes de tristeza parasitaria son frecuentes. Para evaluar y estimular el uso de las hemovacunas preventivas de tristeza parasitaria se realizó un ensayo que comparó la eficacia de dos vacunas actualmente disponibles. Ambas vacunas fueron eficientes e indujeron la producción de anticuerpos en entre el 93% y 98,3% de los bovinos para cada uno de los tres agentes. Se desarrolló un modelo de análisis de riesgo que determina, con 92% de precisión, la probabilidad de reintroducción de la garrapata a los establecimientos. Para el desarrollo de este modelo se consideraron variables epidemiológicas y de bioseguridad, estimándose que las más relevantes para el aumento de la probabilidad de introducción fueron el tipo de producción cría, los vecinos infestados y el mal estado de alambrados. Este modelo puede ser utilizado para decidir si es conveniente erradicar o controlar la garrapata en cada establecimiento, dependiendo de las características epidemiológicas y de las medidas de bioseguridad.In Uruguay, the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, and the tick fever causes economic losses estimated on 32.7 million dollars annually being 44.6% of those due to treatment, which in many occasions, are not performed in the appropriate time or, due to resistance of R. microplus to the acaricides, are not completely effective. Consequently, the doses and the number of treatments is increased, and some farmers perform up to 15 treatments per year, just for control, without possibilities of elimination. The high number of treatments could lead to the presence of residues on meat putting public health at risk. The objective of this thesis was to provide information regarding the adoption of efficient control measures to decreases the use of chemicals. A review of the history of R. microplus and tick fever in Uruguay was developed to determine the factors that influence the dispersion of the cattle tick and to create control alternatives. Since Uruguay is in a marginal area for the development of the cattle tick, with the consequent enzootic instability to the tick fever, the outbreaks of these diseases are frequent. To evaluate and stimulate the use of hemovaccines to prevent tick fever, a trial that compares the efficacy of the two vaccines currently available in the country was performed. Both vaccines were efficient and induce the production of antibodies in between 93% and 98.3% of the bovines for each of the tree agents. A risk assessment model was developed to determine, with 92% of accuracy, the probability of R. microplus introduction into farms. For the development of this model epidemiological and of biosecurity variables were considered, estimating that the most relevant for the increase of the probability of introduction were the production type breeding, the neighbors infested and the bad status of the boundary fences. This model can be used to evaluate if it is more convenient eradicate or control the cattle tick in each farm, depending on the epidemiological characteristic and on the biosecurity measures

Analysis of Haplotype Structure in the Bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex

The goal of this project was to identify and characterize polymorphic markers spanning regions of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) to analyze patterns of genetic variation and haplotype structure across diverse cattle breeds with various breed histories and selection pressures. Genetic markers that demonstrated sufficient levels of polymorphism, locus specificity, Mendelian inheritance, and the accurate typing of alleles across diverse haplotypes were chosen to define separate haplotype structures for the BoLA IIb and BoLA IIa-III-I regions and to evaluate breakpoints in linkage disequilibrium within the regions surrounding BoLA IIa-III-I. A total of 23 microsatellites, two SNPSTRs, 62 SNPs, and the alleles of three class IIa genes were selected for use in this study. These markers revealed eleven recombination events, low levels of recombination in BoLA IIa-III-I, a sharp break in haplotype structure in the region centromeric to class IIa, prolonged linkage disequilibrium in the extended class I region, strong conservation of BoLA IIa-III-I haplotype structure, BoLA IIa-III-I homozygous haplotype identity across seven different breeds of cattle, and a small number of common BoLA IIa-III-I haplotypes within the Angus and Holstein breeds. This work demonstrated that 52 SNPs from the Illumina 50K SNPchip could accurately predict BoLA IIa-III-I haplotypes. These 52 SNPs represent tagSNPs that can predict BoLA IIa-III-I genetic variation and could offer a cost-effective means for screening large sample sizes for haplotype/disease association studies in the future

Bruises in Chilean cattle: their characterization, occurrence and relation with pre-slaughter conditions

Bruises on cattle carcass affect the quality of the meat and are indicators of poor welfare conditions. According to the literature the occurrence of bruises is related to pre- slaughter conditions, however their contribution is not clear for Chilean cattle. The aim of this thesis was to provide a better understanding of the relationship between pre-slaughter factors and the occurrence of bruises -from loading until slaughter- under Chilean conditions. Therefore in the first study slaughter records of two Chilean slaughterhouses were analysed.It showed that cows and oxen had higher risk to present bruises compared to steers and heifers. Moreover, animals that passed through a livestock market were more prone to present bruises than animals that came directly from the farm. A large difference in carcass bruise prevalence was found between slaughterhouses and this discrepancy was attributed to differences in the use of the Chilean scoring system and to several constraints of the system itself. Thus a new scoring system was developed and its reliability was assessed showing a highagreement when only one observer performs the scoring. An inventory of the gross characteristics of bruises, based on the refined bruising protocol, was carried out. Animals passing through a livestock market have more bruises than animals transported directly from the farm to the slaughterhouse. This thesis presents evidences of rough handling and animals beaten by sticks at markets.In the last study the causal event of bruises during the pre-slaughter periodwas assessed. It showed that rough handling due to inappropriate use of aids to drive animals during loading and unloading, and inadequate stunning facilities at the slaughterhouse were the areas of most risk for bruising. It was concluded that improvements in the design and maintenance of appropriate structures and training of stock people will reduce the occurrence of bruises and in consequence will lead to better welfare conditions of cattle for slaughter. </p