Maroon Archaeology Beyond the Americas: A View From Kenya

Archaeological research on Maroons—that is, runaway slaves—has been largely confined to the Americas. This essay advocates a more global approach. It specifically uses two runaway slave communities in 19th-century coastal Kenya to rethink prominent interpretive themes in the field, including “Africanisms,” Maroons’ connections to indigenous groups, and Maroon group cohesion and identity. This article’s analysis demonstrates that the comparisons enabled by a more globalized perspective benefit the field. Instead of eliding historical and cultural context, these comparisons support the development of more localized and historically specific understandings of individual runaway slave communities both in Kenya and throughout the New World

Detection of nitrous acid in the lower, middle, and upper troposphere: potential formation mechanisms of excess HONO

Nitrous acid was measured in the lower, middle, and upper troposphere during 25 research flights of the HALO aircraft across two research missions, EMeRGe and CAFE-Africa in 2017 and 2018. These missions represent a variety of atmospheric conditions, from pristine low-NOx air over the Atlantic Ocean during the CAFE-Africa mission to polluted high-NOx air during the EMeRGe-EU and -Asia missions. Using the remote sensing mini-DOAS instrument, slant column densities retrieved from DOAS analysis are converted to volume mixing ratios with the O3/O4 scaling method. These observations are complemented by coincident measurements of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide from the mini-DOAS instrument. It is demonstrated that the O3/O4 scaling method is robust with respect to choice of the spectral interval as well as scaling gas. These measurements are combined with observations of trace gas concentrations and atmospheric parameters from a host of other instruments onboard the HALO aircraft, as well as model simulations. While the HCHO and NO2 measured by the mini-DOAS instrument compare well with photochemical model predictions and with measurements of complementary in situ instruments, the retrieved HONO is often in excess of what would be expected from the known gas phase formation mechanisms of nitrous acid, or what is predicted by the atmospheric chemistry models EMAC and MECO(n). With the co-measured species, potential heterogeneous and gas phase sources of this excess nitrous acid are investigated for the probed layers of the atmosphere, specifically the lower and upper troposphere. In the low-NOx marine boundary layer, the observed HONO is corroborated by previous studies in the same region, and may be formed by the photolysis of particulate nitrate. In the polluted lower troposphere, the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on the surface or in the bulk of atmospheric aerosol is the most likely source of the observed HONO, though a precise mechanism cannot be determined with the information provided by the measurements of the available instrumentation. In the cold upper troposphere, a novel gas phase source of HONO, the oxidation of peroxynitrous acid is suggested and investigated. Overall, our measurements indicate a larger role of HONO than hitherto considered for the formation of OH, which is the major oxidant in the Earth's atmosphere

Journal of African Christian Biography: v. 2, no. 2

A publication of the Dictionary of African Christian Biography with U.S. offices located at the Center for Global Christianity and Mission at Boston University. This issue focuses on: 1. Four Trailblazers of the Aladura Movement in Nigeria. 2. Moses Orimolade Tunolase. 3. Joseph Ayodele Babalola. 4. Josiah Olunowo Oshitelu. 5. Samuel Bilewu Oschoffa 6. Either Patronage or Partnership in Christian Mission 7. Recent Print and Digital Resources Related to Christianity in Africa

Evangelical Visitor - July 10, 1979 Supplement on Missions

Evangelical Visitor Supplement on Missions work included in the July 10, 1979 edition of the Evangelical Visitor publication

Evangelical Visitor - January 10, 1979 Supplement on Missions

Evangelical Visitor Supplement on Missions work included in the January 10, 1979 edition of the Evangelical Visitor publication

W88-1237.70. Hesselink, I. John, Jr. (1928-2018). Papers, 1953-2007. 4.50 linear ft.

Missionary in Japan, 1953‑1973; evangelist; writer; president of Western Theological Seminary (WTS), 1973‑1985; professor at WTS, 1985-1998. Collection includes correspondence, articles, essays, and books written by Hesselink. Subjects include theologians, doctrinal theology, books of the New Testament, the RCA, Japan mission, and Western Theological Seminary

Evangelical Visitor - April 10, 1979 Supplement on Missions

Evangelical Visitor Supplement on Missions work included in the April 10, 1979 edition of the Evangelical Visitor publication