The SSM with Suppressed SUSY Charge

An earlier paper showed that it is possible to write down new SUSY Actions in which it is not possible to define a Supersymmetry Charge. SUSY is defined in these new Actions by the fact that they satisfy Master Equations. The new SUSY Actions are very easy to write down. One simply takes a Chiral SUSY Action, coupled to Gauge and other Chiral Multiplets, and even SuperGravity, if desired. Then one creates a new Action from this by exchanging all or part of the Scalar Field $S$ for a new Zinn Source $J$, and the corresponding part of the Zinn Source $\Gamma$ for a new Antighost Field $\eta$. Since the original Action satisfies a Master Equation, this exchange guarantees that the new Action will satisfy the new Master Equation. As was shown in the earlier paper, the new multiplets have fewer bosonic degrees of freedom than fermionic degrees of freedom. This is possible because they do not have a Supercharge. The resulting new SSM has no need for Squarks or Sleptons. It does not need spontaneous breaking of SUSY, so that the cosmological constant problem does not arise (at least at tree level). It mimics the usual non-supersymmetric Standard Model very well, and the absence of large flavour changing neutral currents is natural. There is no need for a hidden sector, or a messenger sector, or explicit `soft' breaking of SUSY. Spontaneous Gauge Symmetry Breaking implies the existence of two new very heavy Higgs Bosons with mass 13.4 TeV, slightly smaller than the energy of the LHC at 14 TeV. There is also a curious set of Gauginos and Higgsinos which have exactly the same masses as the Higgs and Gauge Bosons. These do not couple to the Quarks and Leptons, except through the Higgs and Gauge Bosons.Comment: 19 pages. This version contains a better explanation of why and how this theory can exis

An Irreducible Massive Superspin One Half Action Built From the Chiral Dotted Spinor Superfield

Although the chiral dotted spinor superfield should describe a Massive Superspin One Half multiplet, it has not been obvious how to derive this from an action. In this paper this is done by including a chiral undotted spinor superfield, finding the BRST transformations that govern both of these, and then finding the action as an invariant of the transformations. It turns out that both kinds of spinor superfields are needed. Moreover, the BRST transformations for the two kinds of chiral spinor superfields are generated from each other by a special involution that exchanges Grassmann odd (even) sources with Grassmann even (odd) fields.Comment: 13 page

An Aggregation Matrix MATLAB Function

This Technical Document describes the foundations for an aggregation matrix function implemented in MATLAB, including the format and structure of the required aggregation vector used as an argument to the function. The function is passed with the Ndimensional aggregation vector as an argument. The aggregation vector contains N values ranging from 1 to M, each of which is the aggregate index corresponding to the N preaggregation indices. The function returns an aggregation matrix with M rows and N columns. Pre-multiplying an existing matrix with N rows by the aggregation matrix reduces the row dimensionality from N to M by adding the sectors to be aggregated. Post-multiplication by the transpose of the aggregation matrix reduces the column dimensionality from N to M accordingly

Institutions, Structures and Topics of Grassland Research in Germany - From Science to Practice

In Germany, grassland covers some 30% of the agriculturally used land. It forms the basis of forage production in dairy and beef cattle husbandry as well as sheep and horse feeding. The intensification of grassland farming during the last fifty years was made possible through extended basic and applied research in all fields of grassland management. This included the improvement of forage species and varieties by plant breeding, the adaptation of botanical knowledge for the control of the botanical composition of permanent grass swards, the application of regular fertilisation, the improvement of the grazing management, the increased frequency of utilisation or herbage conservation by ensiling. In addition to the general improvement of forage production, the refinement of production measures in animal husbandry has led to a marked increase of efficiency in dairy and beef cattle farming. Production-orientated research was well funded until the late 1980\u27s. Since then, the awareness of adverse side effects of the intensification of grassland farming, such as the loss of biodiversity, the pollution of the environment mainly by excess nitrogen and phosphorus, and the emission of greenhouse gases has grown. In addition, with the reform of the European Union Agricultural Policy in 1992, the rental costs for grassland decreased as did the stocking rates. On marginal sites, grassland is now at risk of being abandoned from agricultural use. Thus, increasing forage production and refining production measures have lost priority in grassland research and multiple function grasslands have become the main target of research