1,260 research outputs found
The Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Servant Leadership Survey: A Comparative Study across Eight Countries
This paper tests and confirms the cross-cultural equivalence of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) in eight countries and languages: The Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Finland. A composite sample consisting of 5201 respondents from eight countries that all filled out the SLS was used. A three-step approach was adopted to test configural invariance, measurement equivalence, and structural equivalence. For the full 30-item version of the SLS, configural invariance and partial measurement equivalence were confirmed. Implications of these results for the use of the SLS within cross-cultural studies are discussed
The effects of ethnicity, gender, and urgency of a message on prosocial behavior
A study by Christensen et al. (1998) looked at prosocial behavior toward strangers via responses to wrong-number messages on a telephone answering machine and found a higher than anticipated prosocial response. However, additional research was required in order to determine whether or not manipulation of gender and ethnicity would have produced different results. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of gender (male or female) of the caller, ethnicity (white-non Hispanic or Mexican American) of the caller, and urgency ( low, medium, high, & high with prod ) of a message on telephone helping behavior. One hundred and sixty subjects, who subscribe to Sprint © , were randomly selected and assigned to one of sixteen experimental conditions. The results of this study did not indicate any significant main effect for gender, ethnicity, and urgency
Tolerance to Psychostimulant Medication Among Children with ADHD
Medication is the most commonly received treatment for childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with 90% of children with ADHD having received it at some point in their lives (Danielson et al., 2018). Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulant medication is a well-established short-term treatment for childhood ADHD (Pliszka, 2007). However, there is little support in the literature for long-term benefit of psychostimulants. One possible explanation for this lack of sustained effect is the development of tolerance to the drug. The current study aimed to examine possible evidence of short-term tolerance to stimulant medication, methylphenidate (MPH). Additionally, we investigated previous stimulant medication treatment as a potential predictor of developing indicators of tolerance during the study. Overall, results demonstrate that therapeutic effects of stimulant medication on academic productivity and rule following behavior do not significantly dissipate over three weeks among most children with ADHD. There was one exception in that children who had received a high dose of psychostimulant treatment from their community provider prior to the initiation of the current study showed weakened effects of medication over time as measured by academic productivity but not by rule following behavior
California Institute of Integral Studies -- Catalog 2008-2009
This is the 2008-2009 catalog of courses, staff and faculty for the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS).https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/academiccatalogs/1023/thumbnail.jp
Widespread higher fractional anisotropy associates to better cognitive functions in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis
In schizophrenia patients, cognitive functions appear linked to widespread alterations in cerebral white matter microstructure. Here we examine patterns of associations between regional white matter and cognitive functions in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. One hundred and sixteen individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and 49 matched healthy controls underwent 3 T magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and cognitive assessments. Group differences on fractional anisotropy were tested using tract-based spatial statistics. Group differences in cognitive functions, voxel-wise as well as regional fractional anisotropy were tested using univariate general linear modeling. Multivariate partial least squares correlation analyses tested for associations between patterns of regional fractional anisotropy and cognitive functions. Univariate analyses revealed significant impairments on cognitive functions and lower fractional anisotropy in superior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulate gyrus in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Partial least squares correlation analysis revealed different associations between patterns of regional fractional anisotropy and cognitive functions in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis compared to healthy controls. Widespread higher fractional anisotropy was associated with better cognitive functioning for individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis, but not for the healthy controls. Furthermore, patterns of cognitive functions were associated with an interaction-effect on regional fractional anisotropy in fornix, medial lemniscus, uncinate fasciculus, and superior cerebellar peduncle. Aberrant associations between patterns of cognitive functions to white matter may be explained by dysmyelination
California Institute of Integral Studies -- Catalog 2012-2013
This is the 2012-2013 catalog of courses, staff and faculty for the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS)https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/academiccatalogs/1024/thumbnail.jp
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