Computational universes

Suspicions that the world might be some sort of a machine or algorithm existing ``in the mind'' of some symbolic number cruncher have lingered from antiquity. Although popular at times, the most radical forms of this idea never reached mainstream. Modern developments in physics and computer science have lent support to the thesis, but empirical evidence is needed before it can begin to replace our contemporary world view.Comment: Several corrections of typos and smaller revisions, final versio

The Impact of Teaching English Language from Communicative Perspective: A Case Study of Universities and Schools in Yemen

It is a well-known fact that English is an international language and assumes great significance in various fields all over the world Realizing this fact the number of universities and schools in Yemen introduced English in their syllabus as a compulsory subject and many students have been attempting to develop their ability to speak fluently in English with others Apart from this Yemeni parents have also realized the importance of the English language for learning Science Technology and developing their business in the present world Hence they are encouraging and insisting on their children to learn the English Language and acquiring mastery over it However most of the students in Yemen pay scant attention towards it Hence they are not able to talk or express themselves in the English language Many factors are responsible for this state of affairs One of the main reasons is that in Yemen teachers are teaching the English as a foreign language Besides the students do not have sufficient opportunities to practice English either in the classroom or outside Consequently the result of ELT in Yemen is far from our expectation

The Use of Body Language in Chinese Rural Secondary School English Teaching

With the popularization of nine -year Compulsory Education English teaching is especially important in the secondary school teaching In most rural areas of China where are poor environment and shortage in teaching resources and teaching equipment in the limited condition of this how to improve the efficiency of students listening becomes very important In the rural secondary school English teaching teachers can use not only verbal language but also body language to imply students which is more efficient than the use of so-called multimedia sometimes It can make up for the shortage of teaching resources so that it can improve the teaching quality by the analysis and research of body language in all aspects Moreover the use of body language in English teaching can change students attitude

Incorporation of GTM and CLT: An Effective Way to Teach

The two very prominent methodologies are GTM and CLT in the education system in teaching learning English in Bangladesh To show the importance of the combination of these two phenomenal methods is the purpose of this paper In Bangladesh GTM is commonly used for a long time and at present CLT is also a very famous method In this paper the two methods are elaborated clearly in effective teaching and learning of English in Bangladesh The study focuses on GTM and CLT in respects of achieving four skills accuracy fluency teaching-learning process handling the students feelings and emotions the role of the native language of students the language skills that are emphasized and the way of teacher s response to students errors Though CLT is the more beneficial method nowadays GTM also has some positive things to offer Based on the data and findings this paper has also presented some suggestions for effective teaching and learning of English in Banglades

Students Attitude towards English Language Common Courses

This study is intended to investigate the students attitude towards English Language common courses Communicative English Skills and Basic Writing Skills CES and BWS which are delivered to all freshman students at Wolaita Sodo University Ethiopia The students attitude towards the courses was not encouraging They did not give enough time to study English common courses rather they focused on their major courses only As a result their grades in these courses became very low To explore the students attitude towards these English common courses descriptive research method was used To collect data from both students and instructors questionnaire and interview were employed The major populations of this study were all freshman students at Wolaita Sodo University in 2016 G C The researcher selected 500 students out of 3 000 students using stratified sampling technique to address students in each department Results showed that students believe their major courses are more important than English common courses Consequently they give much time to study their major courses Most students also think that English common courses are not essential but they think as additional courses Students think that language courses do not need studying so they do not pay attention to study the English common courses The students do not like to participate in practical activities while learning the English common courses due to fear influence of their mother tongue and etc They also choose to learn in their mother tongue than in English Finally recommendations are forwarded based on the results and conclusion

Use of Dreams in Girish Karnad’s The Dreams of Tipu Sultan

Girish karnad s in his play the The Dreams of Tipu Sultan use the concept of dreams to indicate the downfall of Tipu Sultan through his dreams The dreams of Tipu Sultan can be interpreted as symbol or an indication which focuses on his downfall in the future The dreams book Khwab-nama was looted from Seringapatam along with other books The book was not in library or the royal library in Seringapatam It was discovered hidden in the bed chamber of Tipu Sultan palace Lal Mahal the ruin of which can be seen today in front of the Sri Ranganatha Swamy Temple Tipu sultan one of the most politically perceptive and tragic figures in modern Indian history In the play he had four dreams but in history has 37 dream

Distinct Individuals` Approaches in Obtaining English Language: A study on University Kurdish Learners

Language has a basic role in the matter of communication and this will separate human being from any other species In addition the ability to understand student learning styles can increase the educational experience moreover the styles to learn any language may take a lot of time and may change according to different educational and social backgrounds to learn a target language Furthermore the different learning styles may fit with different learners each learner could choose a style which is compatible with personal preference as it makes it easy for teachers to incorporate them into their teaching Moreover different learning styles may vary in different educational background some learners pay attention to all the styles equally whilst some others just to a specific style Additionally there are different learning styles but the most popular ones are visual auditory and kinaesthetic in which STUDENTS take in information This study is an analysis of learning styles for Eastern EFL students especially Kurdish The purpose of this study is to increase faculty awareness and understanding of the effect of learning styles on the teaching process The Kurdish classes as many eastern countries classes are more teachers oriented and the lectures are not designed to be a group work class Consequently the students stick to a traditional way of learning therefore learning styles could be accounted as an important issue to be discussed for Kurdish speakers of English learners The paper intends to discover the major and minor styles for different types of individuals to learn the target language according to the individual choices and desire

A Contrastive Analysis of the Production of English and Yoruba Vowels by Yoruba-English Bilingual Students in University of Nigeria, Nsukka

This study examined the production of English vowels by Yoruba-English bilingual undergraduate students at the University of Nigeria Nsukka The instrument used for data collection was the pronunciation of a prepared word list Sixty 60 students who speak Yoruba as their first language were randomly selected from five departments The bilingual status of the students made it possible to assemble a corpus which reveals their various levels of competency in English The result of the findings indicate that Yoruba language vowels differ to a large extent from English language and due to this there are certain variations and deviations in the realization of English vowels by Yoruba-English bilingual students From the data gathered analysis shows that we do not have an equal number of vowels in both languages and there are some vowels in Yoruba that are not present in the English languag

Sorrow, Blood and Tears as the Leitmotif in Contemporary Niger Delta: A Study of Selected Poems in Magnus Abraham-Dukumaas Dreams from the Creeks

African literary discourse has shown its inherent aesthetics by giving meaning to its contents This aesthetics revolves around the experiences of Africans as a people which include among others their environment culture socio-political and economic marginalization Dreams from the Creeks is aesthetically structured to resonate the many unheard voices of the downtrodden people of the Niger Delta who have been suffering from political and economic deprivation over the decades coupled with the environmental degradation resulting from oil exploration and exploitation The language is expressed to effectively portray the lifestyle of the people thus adding beauty to an emotive discourse as a way of giving an explicit meaning to the contents as a way of soothing the psychological pain inflicted on their psyche As a Romantic poetry it expresses the nostalgia of human being as a result of man s dislocation from Nature or better still mother Eart

A Brief Exploration of Application of TBLT to Oral English Teaching in Chinese Rural Middle Schools

Since the language teaching approach of Taskbased Approach issued by The New National Criterion for English Course the term Task-based Language Teaching has been comprehensively introduced and advocated and popularized among English teachers in China Although ten years have passed since the Task-based Language Teaching was applied in China in the current rural areas the students still have a poor performance in English especially in oral English Then what is in the way of the progress of oral English teaching in rural areas Combined with the condition of rural areas the task-based language teaching and an experiment this study will probe into the obstruction of the improvement of oral English teaching in rural areas and put forward some feasible suggestions to improve oral English on the condition of the adoption of the Task-based Language Teachin