Chopwell Township 1851-1911 : Aspects of Residency Using A Microcosmical Approach

This thesis presents the results of an exploration into aspects of the residency of the inhabitants of four County Durham mining villages over the period 1851-1911. These four villages - Chopwell, High Spen, Blackhall Mill and Victoria Garesfield - were all within a few kilometres of each other and housed the population of a region known, historically, as Chopwell Township. Miners in High Spen and Victoria Garesfield had been working coal from the middle of the nineteenth century but major developments at Chopwell from 1895 created a new colliery village of over 5000 inhabitants by 1911. This large in-migration created some unusual conditions for this inquiry into residency. The basic data for the analysis was obtained from the on-line versions of seven Censuses (1851-1911), supported by parish registers (1890-1911) and the 1910 Property Valuation Survey. Generally the ten-year Residential Persistence rates determined for three of the villages are comparable to other published figures, while the ten-year rates of Chopwell differ. It is suggested that the low values found for Chopwell, over the decade 1901-1911, were the result of the influx of workers which created a transient period of social ‘churning’ as the migrants adjusted to their new environment. A study of the inter-censal period, 1901-1911 for Chopwell and High Spen, revealed frequent short-distance migrations with residents moving between streets. Some of these migrations seem to occur for housing reasons, either up-sizing (for larger families) or down-sizing (for smaller families). A limited examination was also made of the conjecture that the presence of large numbers of children in a household restricted mobility but the results were equivocal. To untangle the web of relationships that develop in communities it was necessary to create Household Histories. This exercise revealed ‘hidden’ illegitimate’ children, frequent re-marriages with surname changes, wider kin networks and some doubtful birthplaces

Desulfovibrio paquesii sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a synthesis-gas-fed bioreactor treating zinc- and sulfate-rich wastewater

A hydrogenotrophic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain SB1(T), was isolated from sulfidogenic sludge of a full-scale synthesis-gas-fed bioreactor used to remediate wastewater from a zinc smelter. Strain SB1(T) was found to be an abundant micro-organism in the sludge at the time of isolation. Hydrogen, formate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, fumarate, succinate, ethanol and glycerol served as electron donors for sulfate reduction. Organic substrates were incompletely oxidized to acetate. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the closest recognized relative to strain SB1(T) was Desulfovibrio gigas DSM 1382(T) (97.5 % similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain SB1(T) was 62.2 mol%, comparable with that of Desulfovibrio gigas DSM 1382(T) (60.2 mol%). However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SB1(T) and Desulfovibrio gigas DSM 1382(T) was only 56.0 %, indicating that the two strains are not related at the species level. Strain SB1(T) could also be differentiated from Desulfovibrio gigas based on phenotypic characteristics, such as major cellular fatty acid composition (anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 1) cis 9) and substrate utilization. Strain SB1(T) is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Desulfovibrio, for which the name Desulfovibrio paquesii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SB1(T) (=DSM 16681(T)=JCM 14635(T)

Hemispherical total emissivity and specific heat capacity of deeply undercooled Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 melts

High-temperature high-vacuum electrostatic levitation (HTHVESL) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were combined to determine the hemispherical total emissivity epsilon T, and the specific heat capacity cp, of the undercooled liquid and throughout the glass transition of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glass forming alloy. The ratio of cp/epsilon T as a function of undercooling was determining from radiative cooling curves measured in the HTHVESL. Using specific heat capacity data obtained by DSC investigations close to the glass transition and above the melting point, epsilon T and cp were separated and the specific heat capacity of the whole undercooled liquid region was determined. Furthermore, the hemispherical total emissivity of the liquid was found to be about 0.22 at 980 K. On undercooling the liquid, the emissivity decreases to approximately 0.18 at about 670 K, where the undercooled liquid starts to freeze to a glass. No significant changes of the emissivity are observed as the alloy undergoes the glass transition

An Introduction to Volume 8 of \u3ci\u3eThe New Age\u3c/i\u3e

Dr. Lee Garver\u27s introduction to The New Age, Volume 8 (November 3, 1910 to April 27, 1911)

Labour market dynamics in Canada, 1891-1911: a first look from new census samples

This paper uses newly available census evidence to portray changes in labour market outcomes in Canada between 1891 and 1911. Multiple census cross-sections allow for the documentation of how the location, occupation, and earnings of Canadian and foreign-born cohorts changed over time. The westward movement of young anglophones after 1901 contributed to the formation of a national labour market. Anglophone, francophone, and foreign-born cohorts all experienced significant occupational mobility between 1891 and 1911, but francophones and immigrants remained over-represented at the bottom of the occupational ladder. Greater occupational and geographical mobility supported higher rates of earnings growth among Anglophones

Banking from Leeds, not London: regional strategy and structure at the Yorkshire Bank, 1859–1952

Industrial philanthropist Edward Akroyd created the Yorkshire Penny Savings Bank in 1859. Despite competition from the Post Office Savings Bank after 1861 and a serious reserve problem in 1911, it sustained his overall strategy to become a successful regional bank. Using archival and contemporary sources to build on recent scholarship illustrating how savings banks were integrated into local economies and the complementary roles of philanthropy and paternalism, we analyse an English regional bank's strategy, including an assessment of strategic innovation, ownership changes and management structure. This will demonstrate that the founder's vision continued, even though the 1911 crisis radically altered both strategy and structure

Book review: Structural changes in the economy of Ghana, 1891-1911

Draft of book review: R. Szereszewski, "Structural changes in the economy of Ghana, 1891-1911," London: Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1965

Labour market dynamics in Canada, 1891-1911: A first look from new census samples

This paper uses newly available census evidence to portray changes in labour market outcomes in Canada between 1891 and 1911. Multiple census cross-sections allow for the documentation of how the location, occupation, and earnings of Canadian and foreign-born cohorts changed over time. The westward movement of young anglophones after 1901 contributed to the formation of a national labour market. Anglophone, francophone, and foreign-born cohorts all experienced significant occupational mobility between 1891 and 1911, but francophones and immigrants remained over-represented at the bottom of the occupational ladder. Greater occupational and geographical mobility supported higher rates of earnings growth among Anglophones.labour market, census, Canada, ethnicity, anglophone, francophone, occupations, earnings regression, 1891, 1901, 1911