北陸東山地域のそば在来種の収集

Japanese buckwheat cultivars have been developed and acclimatized as agroecotypes. However, they have little wide adaptability. When we try to improve agricultural traits of buckwheat, landraces are very important genetic resource for breeding because they have many useful characteristics such as lodging resistance, shattering resistance, moisture tolerance and various agroecotypes. So exploration missions were undertaken in Hokuriku and Tosan regions to collect buckwheat genetic resources in 1992 and 1994. We had some informations that several landraces are still grown in regions. It was very difficult to collect landraces during the firtst mission in 1992 because most farmers had changed from growing landraces for improved cultivars. We could collect only four landraces and two old inproved cultivars. It seemed that seed shape and flowering period of old cultivars reflected the environments where they grow. In the second mission in 1994, we collected eight landraces and four old improved cultivars. We found a summer landrace and a large seeded type landrace. Collection of old improved cultivars is important to improve buckwheat because, outcrossing crops such as buckwheat have wide genetic variations in themselves

甲信越地方における在来豆類・在来ソバの探索収集

The mission conducted exploration of landraces of legumes and buckwheat in the area of the boundary of Nagano and Niigata Prefectures and the boundary of Nagano, Gunma and Yamanashi Prefectures. The mission collected local landraces which were grown and maintained for a long time for home consumption, and investigated the status of the cultivation. The first mission visited Nakago-mura, Myoko-mura and Myokokogen-machi, Nakakubiki-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Togakushi-mura and Shinano-machi of Kamiminauchi-gun, Nagano Prefecture, and collected 61 sanples of legume (33 of soybean, 5 of azuki bean, 6 of kidney bean, 6 of red flower kidney bean and 2 of lima bean) and 27 accessions of buckwheat (3 of summer buckwheat and 24 of autumn buckwheat). The second mission visited Minamimaki-mura, Kawakami-mura, Minamiaiki-mura, Saku-machi, Yachiho-mura, Usuta-machi of Minamisaku-gun, Nagano Prefecture, Sudama-machi of Kitakoma-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Ueno-mura of Tano-gun, Gunma Prefecture, and collected 66 accessions of legume (31 of soybean, 13 of azuki bean, 13 of kidney bean, 6 of red flower kidney bean, a cowpea and a pea) and 13 accessions of buckwheat (4 of summer buckwheat and 9 of autumn buckwheat). Each legume accession was divided into two parts and for preservation by NIAR and the Chushin Agricultural Experiment Station of Nagano Prefecture, while each buckwheat accession was divided into three parts and preserved by NIAR, Hokuriku Agricultural Experiment Station and the Chushin Agricultural Experiment Station of Nagano Prefecture. MAFF. The Chushin Agricultural Experiment Station of Nagano Prefecture is going to evaluate characteristics of soybean and buckwheat accessions