H-Diplo Roundtable XXI-28 on Tworek. News from Germany: the competition to control world communications, 1900-1945

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Variable stars and stellar populations in Andromeda XXI: II. Another merged galaxy satellite of M31?

B and V time-series photometry of the M31 dwarf spheroidal satellite Andromeda XXI (And XXI) was obtained with the Large Binocular Cameras at the Large Binocular Telescope. We have identified 50 variables in And XXI, of which 41 are RR Lyrae stars (37 fundamental-mode RRab, and 4 first-overtone RRc, pulsators) and 9 are Anomalous Cepheids (ACs). The average period of the RRab stars ( = 0.64 days) and the period-amplitude diagram place And~XXI in the class of Oosterhoff II - Oosterhoff-Intermediate objects. From the average luminosity of the RR Lyrae stars we derived the galaxy distance modulus of (m-M)$_0$=$24.40\pm0.17$ mag, which is smaller than previous literature estimates, although still consistent with them within 1 $\sigma$. The galaxy color-magnitude diagram shows evidence for the presence of three different stellar generations in And~XXI: 1) an old ($\sim$ 12 Gyr) and metal poor ([Fe/H]=$-$1.7 dex) component traced by the RR Lyrae stars; 2) a slightly younger (10-6 Gyr) and more metal rich ([Fe/H]=$-$1.5 dex) component populating the red horizontal branch, and 3) a young age ($\sim$ 1 Gyr) component with same metallicity, that produced the ACs. Finally, we provide hints that And~XXI could be the result of a minor merging event between two dwarf galaxies.Comment: accepted for publications in Ap

Инструменты и коммуникационные стратегии внешней политики в теории международных отношений

The purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of non-military instruments (economic sanctions, soft power and communication strategies) of foreign policy within the international relations theory, because these tools are becoming increasingly central to shaping strategic outcomes in the XXI centuryМета цієї статті - проаналізувати природу невійськових інструменти (економічні санкції, м'яка влада та комунікації стратегії) зовнішньої політики в рамках теорії міжнародних відносин, тому що ці інструменти стають все більш центральними у формуванні стратегічні результати у XXI стЦелью данной статьи является анализ характера невоенных инструменты (экономические санкции, мягкая сила и связь стратегии) ​​внешней политики в рамках теории международных отношений, потому что эти инструменты становятся все более важными для формирования стратегические итоги в XXI век

Scattering states in Bethe-Salpeter equation

The off-mass shell scattering amplitude, satisfying the Bethe-Salpeter equation for spinless particles in Minkowski space with the ladder kernel, is computed for the first time.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the XXI International Baldin Seminar on High Energy Physics Problems, September 10-15, 2012, JINR, Dubna, Russia. To be published in the online journal Proceedings of Science - PoS(Baldin ISHEPP XXI)027 (2012

The 2014 March 29 X-flare: sub-arcsecond resolution observations of Fe XXI 1354.1

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS) is the first solar instrument to observe $\sim 10$ MK plasma at subarcsecond spatial resolution through imaging spectroscopy of the Fe XXI $\lambda$1354.1 forbidden line. IRIS observations of the X1 class flare that occurred on 2014 March 29 at 17:48 UT reveal Fe XXI emission from both the flare ribbons and the post-flare loop arcade. Fe XXI appears at all of the chromospheric ribbon sites, although typically with a delay of one raster (75 seconds) and sometimes offset by up to 1$^{\prime\prime}$. 100--200 km s$^{-1}$ blue-shifts are found at the brightest ribbons, suggesting hot plasma upflow into the corona. The Fe XXI ribbon emission is compact with a spatial extent of $< 2^{\prime\prime}$, and can extend beyond the chromospheric ribbon locations. Examples are found of both decreasing and increasing blue-shift in the direction away from the ribbon locations, and blue-shifts were present for at least 6 minutes after the flare peak. The post-flare loop arcade, seen in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 131 \AA\ filtergram images that are dominated by Fe XXI, exhibited bright loop-tops with an asymmetric intensity distribution. The sizes of the loop-tops are resolved by IRIS at $\ge 1^{\prime\prime}$, and line widths in the loop-tops are not broader than in the loop-legs suggesting the loop-tops are not sites of enhanced turbulence. Line-of-sight speeds in the loop arcade are typically $<10$ km s$^{-1}$, and mean non-thermal motions fall from 43 km s$^{-1}$ at the flare peak to 26 km s$^{-1}$ six minutes later. If the average velocity in the loop arcade is assumed to be at rest, then it implies a new reference wavelength for the Fe XXI line of $1354.106\pm 0.023$ \AA.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, accepted by Ap

A FRONTEIRA E AS PERSPECTIVAS PARA AS CIDADES GÊMEAS BRASILEIRAS

No processo de reestruturação territorial em curso no Brasil é cada vez mais perceptível que a promoçãodas fronteiras do país está ligada às necessidades locais e não somente aos interesses da geopolíticarealista (de defesa e segurança nacionais). Essa promoção ultrapassa o sentido tradicional de segurançae defesa e abre novas perspectivas de políticas públicas direcionadas às entidades subnacionais presentesnas faixas de fronteira, visando à atração de recursos internacionais e novos empreendimentos. Aproposta deste trabalho reside na premissa de que a fronteira é um ambiente propício para a inserçãointernacional das entidades subnacionais e para ações de cooperação descentralizada. Tal premissapode ser reforçada pelo fato de que as políticas governamentais do Brasil para as fronteiras tendematualmente a construir uma noção de “fronteira-cooperação” e não mais enfocar o sentido de uma“fronteira-separação”. O texto busca desenvolver e apresentar conceitos e signi+cados relacionados àfronteira e à inserção internacional dos municípios situados nas fronteiras, traçando um panoramasobre uma recente inovação legislativa, ainda carente de regulamentação, que autorizou a instalação delojas francas (free shops) em municípios de faixa de fronteira cujas sedes se caracterizam como “cidadesgêmeas de cidades estrangeiras”