Effect of amyloid β-42 on the expression of membrane receptors during differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cell line

Abstract

Amyloid β (Aβ) is the product of amyloidogenic cleavage of its precursor protein (APP) by β and γ secretases. According to the amyloid hypothesis, Aβ plays a key role in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the world's most common neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. Aβ oligomers, particularly the Aβ42 form, induce synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and disruption of calcium homeostasis. These processes lead to progressive neuronal and cognitive loss. It exerts its toxic effects directly by disrupting membrane integrity and neuronal function, or indirectly via inflammatory mediators by activating microglia and astrocytes. Aβ has the ability to bind to several cell surface receptors. This work focuses on studying the toxicity of Aβ-42 oligomers on the human SH-SY5Y cell line, specifically its effect on the expression of various biomarkers during retinoic acid- induced differentiation. The results confirm the toxic effect of Aβ-42 on the cell viability of the SH-SY5Y cell line and its ability to influence the expression of several proteins during differentiation