Firefighting tactics for extinguishing of a public building

Abstract

Požar kao neželjeni događaj zbog njegove nepredvidljivosti razvija se bez kontrole, uz mogućnost dovođenja u opasnost ljudske živote kao i uzrokujući velike materijalne štete. Faktori koji utječu na njega ne mogu se sažeti u jedan okvir kojim bi se moglo opisati i shvatiti djelovanje. Promatrajući javne zgrade govorimo o izazovima požara u zatvorenim prostorima. U takvim prostorima zbog nastanka dima sa smanjenim pritokom kisika govorimo o opasnostima koje dovode do stvaranja opasnih spojeva, a time i do plamenih buktinja. Poznavanjem tipa požara s njegovim karakteristikama ovisi koja će se taktika i sredstvo gašenja primijeniti. U takvim zahtjevnim intervencijskim postupcima važna je brza evakuacija svih prisutnih te sigurnost vatrogasaca. Stoga se zakonskom regulativom, normama i propisima postavljaju zahtjevi prema odgovornoj osobi ustanove kao i osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi vatrogasaca koju mora ista ispunjavati. U eksperimentalnom dijelu radom se istražuje i analizira cjelovita taktika gašenja stvarnog požara i usporedba taktičkog pristupa teoretskog požara. Temelji se na analizi stvarnog događaja požara u Osnovnoj školi Mate Lovraka u Zagrebu iz 2020. godine i usporedbi te mjerenju vremena vježbe evakuacije, spašavanja i gašenja požara u Osnovnoj školi „Braća Bobetko“ Sisak u 2024. godini. Cilj rada je kritičkom analizom stvarne i teoretske akcije gašenja požara objasniti i usporediti uporabljene taktike gašenja požara. Rezultatima mjerenja i usporedbe stvarne i teoretske akcije, može se zaključiti kako se u zahtjevnim intervencijskim zadacima promatranima u ovom radu pristupilo stručno, profesionalno, ispunjavajući „Zakon o zaštiti od požara“ NN 92/10, 114/22, „ Zakon o zaštiti na radu“ NN 71/14, 118/14, 154/14, 94/18, 96/18, i „Pravilnik o standardnim operativnim postupcima“ NN 44/22 . Radom se predlažu mogućnosti poboljšanja kojima bi se povećao učinak vatrogasnih intervencija koje se odnose na javne zgrade - osnovne škole. Radi efektnijeg ispunjavanja uvjeta održavanja, provjere stanja opreme i uređaja koji su jamac uspješnijih hitnih intervencija u kriznim situacijama, uočena je potreba za zapošljavanjem stručnjaka sigurnosti, zaštite na radu i radnog okoliša. Upućena je osnivačima škola, te udruženjima stručnjaka sigurnosti i zaštite na radu u traženju promjena zakonskih propisa koje se odnose na javne obrazovne institucije.Fire as an unwanted event due to its unpredictability develops without control, with the possibility of endangering human lives as well as causing great material damage. The factors influencing it cannot be summed up in a single framework that could be used to describe and understand the action Looking at public buildings, we talk about the challenges of fires in closed spaces. In such spaces, due to the formation of smoke with reduced oxygen flow, we are talking about dangers that lead to the formation of dangerous compounds, and thus to flames. Knowing the type of fire and its characteristics depends on which tactics and means of extinguishing will be applied. In such demanding intervention procedures, the rapid evacuation of all those present and the safety of the firefighters are important. Therefore, legal regulations, norms and regulations set requirements for the responsible person of the institution as well as the personal protective equipment of firefighters, which must be met by the same. In the experimental part, the work investigates and analyzes the complete tactics of extinguishing a real fire and a comparison of the tactical approach of a theoretical fire. It is based on the analysis of the actual event of the fire at the Mate Lovrak Elementary School in Zagreb from 2020 and the comparison and measurement of the time of the evacuation, rescue and fire extinguishing exercise at the "Braća Bobetko" Elementary School in Sisak in 2024. The aim of the paper is to explain and compare the used firefighting tactics through a critical analysis of real and theoretical firefighting action. From the results of measurements and comparison of real and theoretical action, it can be concluded that the demanding intervention tasks observed in this work were approached expertly, professionally, fulfilling the "Fire Protection Act" NN 92/10, 114/22, "Occupational Protection Act" "Official Gazette 71/14, 118/14, 154/14, 94/18, 96/18, and "Regulations on Standard Operating Procedures" Official Gazette 44/22. The paper proposes the possibilities of improvement that would increase the effect of fire interventions related to public buildings - elementary schools. In order to more effectively fulfill maintenance requirements, check the condition of equipment and devices that guarantee more successful emergency interventions in crisis situations, the need for employment of safety, occupational health and work environment experts was observed. It is addressed to founders of schools, and associations of occupational safety and health experts in seeking changes to legal regulations related to public educational institutions

Similar works

Full text

thumbnail-image

Croatian Digital Thesis Repository

redirect
Last time updated on 11/10/2024

This paper was published in Croatian Digital Thesis Repository.

Having an issue?

Is data on this page outdated, violates copyrights or anything else? Report the problem now and we will take corresponding actions after reviewing your request.