Evaluasi Spasial Estimasi Curah Hujan pada Radar Cuaca Menggunakan Metode Z-R Marshall-Palmer di Wilayah Jawa Barat

Abstract

Rainfall is one of the weather parameters that affect various sectors. High rainfall intensity can trigger hydrometeorological disasters, so rainfall observation data is vital to monitor rainfall conditions in an area. An automatic rain gauge is an instrument that measures rainfall at an observation point, but the instrument has reasonably low coverage and has yet to reach the entire region. Weather radar is a remote sensing instrument capable of spatially estimating rainfall. Weather radar data can be used to estimate rainfall using the Marshall-Palmer Z-R method. The application of the method can be an alternative for areas that do not have rainfall observation equipment. However, the estimation needs to be evaluated to improve the accuracy of the estimation value. Based on the evaluation, the highest coefficient of determination was 0.92, and the lowest was 0.67. The lowest RMSE value was 2.40, the highest was 6.76, the highest ME value was 16.59, and the lowest was 5.93; the highest bias was 12.90, and the lowest was 5.30. The study results show that the weather radar can operate according to the specifications of the maximum observation distance of up to 220 KM, but the farther the observation distance to a point, the higher the performance of rainfall estimation accuracy.Curah hujan merupakan salah satu parameter cuaca yang berpengaruh terhadap berbagai sektor. Intensitas curah hujan tinggi dapat memicu terjadinya bencana hidrometeorologi sehingga data pengamatan curah hujan sangat penting untuk memantau kondisi curah hujan di suatu wilayah. Peralatan curah hujan otomatis merupakan instrumen mengukur curah hujan di suatu titik pengamatan, namun peralatan tersebut memiliki cakupan yang cukup rendah dan belum menjangkau seluruh wilayah. Radar cuaca merupakan salah satu instrumen penginderaan jauh yang mampu mengestimasi curah hujan secara spasial. Output data pengamatan radar cuaca dapat dijadikan estimasi curah hujan menggunakan metode pendekatan Z-R Marshall-Palmer. Penerapan metode tersebut dapat menjadi alternatif untuk wilayah yang belum memiliki peralatan pengamatan curah hujan. Namun, estimasi tersebut perlu dievaluasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan perfoma akurasi nilai estimasi tersebut. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, koefisien determinan tertinggi sebesar 0,92 dan terendah sebesar 0,67. Nilai RMSE terendah sebesar 2.40 dan tertinggi sebesar 6.76, nilai ME tertinggi sebesar 16.59 dan terendah 5.93, bias tertinggi sebesar 12,90 dan terendah 5.30. Hasil studi menunjukkan radar cuaca dapat beroperasi sesuai spesifikasi jarak maksimal pengamatan hingga 220 KM, namun semakin jauh jarak pengamatan terhadap suatu titik, mempengaruhi performa akurasi estimasi curah hujan

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This paper was published in ITB Journal.

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