Olfactory cues mediate sleep-enhancement.

Abstract

(a) Sleep profiles of norpA males following 4 days of pair-wise social interaction in 12:12 h light/dark cycles (LD12:12). (b) Sleep profiles of CS and Iso31 males following pair-wise social interaction for 4 days in constant darkness (DD). (c) Sleep analysis revealed that daytime sleep is significantly increased in socialized norpA males as compared to solitary controls (p 0.0005 for daytime and p 0.02 for nighttime, Student’s t-test; n = 21 and 24 for socialized and control groups respectively). Daytime sleep of socialized CS (p 0.02, Student’s t-test; n = 14 and 16 for socialized and control groups respectively) and Iso31 (p 0.01, Student’s t-test; n = 29 and 18 for socialized and control groups respectively) males is also significantly increased as compared to that of solitary controls. (d, left) Sleep profiles and (d, right) change in sleep of Gr66aGAL4>UAShid and Gr33aGAL4>UASdti males following 4 days of pair-wise social interaction. Daytime sleep of socialized Gr66aGAL4>UAShid males (p 0.0001, Student’s t-test; n = 16 and 14 for socialized and control groups respectively) and socialized Gr33aGAL4>UASdti males (p 0.0001, Student’s t-test; n = 32 and 19 for socialized and control groups respectively) is significantly increased in comparison to that of solitary controls. Nighttime sleep of Gr33aGAL4>UASdti males is also significantly increased (p 0.0005, Student’s t-test) in comparison to that of that of solitary controls. (e, left) Sleep profiles and (e, right) change in sleep of Orco males following 4 days of pair-wise social interaction. Sleep analysis revealed that day as well as nighttime sleep of socialized Orco males is comparable (p > 0.05; n = 27 and 20 for socialized and control groups respectively) to solitary controls, whereas daytime sleep of socialized Iso31 males is significantly greater as compared to that of solitary controls (p 0.05; n = 13 and 10 for socialized and control groups respectively), daytime sleep-enhancement in Iso31 flies is significantly greater (p 0.05) than that of Orco flies. (f, left) Sleep profiles and (f, right) change in sleep of Or83bGAL4>UASKir2.1 males following 4 days of pair-wise social interaction. (f, right) Day as well as nighttime sleep of socialized Or83bGAL4>UASKir2.1 males is comparable (p > 0.05) to that of solitary controls (e, right), whereas socialized parental (Or83bGAL4/+, p 0.05 and UASKir2.1/+, p 0.005; n = 13–16 per group per genotype) males show a statistically significant increase in sleep as compared to solitary controls. Daytime sleep-enhancement in parental control flies is significantly greater (p 0.0001 for both) than that in silenced flies. Horizontal lines with asterisks above a pair of bars indicate statistically significant difference in sleep-enhanced in the experimental versus control genotypes. Other details are same as in Fig 1.</p