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Surface Functionalization of Black Phosphorus via Potassium toward High-Performance Complementary Devices
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus configured field-effect transistor devices generally show a hole-dominated ambipolar transport characteristic, thereby limiting its applications in complementary electronics. Herein, we demonstrate an effective surface functionalization scheme on few-layer black phosphorus, through in situ surface modification with potassium, with a view toward high performance complementary device applications. Potassium induces a giant electron doping effect on black phosphorus along with a clear bandgap reduction, which is further corroborated by in situ photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. The electron mobility of black phosphorus is significantly enhanced to 262 (377) cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> by over 1 order of magnitude after potassium modification for two-terminal (four-terminal) measurements. Using lithography technique, a spatially controlled potassium doping technique is developed to establish high-performance complementary devices on a single black phosphorus nanosheet, for example, the p–n homojunction-based diode achieves a near-unity ideality factor of 1.007 with an on/off ratio of ∼10<sup>4</sup>. Our findings coupled with the tunable nature of in situ modification scheme enable black phosphorus as a promising candidate for further complementary electronics- Text
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- potassium doping technique
- surface functionalization scheme
- modification scheme
- lithography technique
- surface modification
- High-Performance Complementary Devices Two-dimensional
- giant electron doping effect
- phosphorus configured field-effect transistor devices
- photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations
- hole-dominated ambipolar transport
- electron mobility
- potassium modification
- near-unity ideality factor
- phosphorus nanosheet
- Surface Functionalization
- device applications
- tunable nature
- bandgap reduction
- Black Phosphorus
- 1 order