The sponsoring company of the project is BP. The framework within which the
research is placed is that of the Transient Multiphase Flow Programme (TMF-4),
a consortium of companies that are interested in phenomena related to flow
of liquids and gases, in particular with relevance to oil, water and air. The
deliverables agreed for the project were:
• validating EMAPS through simulations of known problems and experimental
and field data concerning slug flow
• introducing numerical enhancements to EMAPS
• decreasing computation times in EMAPS
• using multi-dimensional methods to investigate slug flow
The outcome of the current project has been a combination of new product
development (1D multiphase code EMAPS) and a methodological innovation (use
of 2D CFD for channel simulations of slugs). These are:
• New computing framework composed of:
– Upgraded version of 1D code EMAPS
– Numerical enhancements with velocity profile coefficients
– Validation with wave growth problem
– Parallelisation of all models and sources in EMAPS
– Testing suite for all sequential and parallel cases
– Versioning control (SVN) and automatic testing upon code submission.
• Use of 2D CFD VOF for channel simulation with:
– Special initialisation techniques to allow transient simulations
– Validation with wave growth problem
– Mathematical perturbation analysis
– Simulations of 92 experimental slug flow cases
The cost of uptake of the above tools is relatively small compared to the benefits
that are expected to follow, regarding predictions of hydrodynamic slugging.
Depending on the timescales involved, it is also possible to use external consultancies
in order to implement the solutions proposed, as these are software based and
their uptake could be carried out in a small time-frame. Moreover it may not be
necessary to build a parallel hardware infrastructure as it is now possible to have
easy access to large parallel clusters and pay rates depending on use
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