Highly ionized region surrounding SN Refsdal revealed by MUSE

Abstract

Supernova (SN) Refsdal is the first multiply imaged, highly magnified, and spatially resolved SN ever observed. The SN exploded in a highly magnified spiral galaxy at z = 1.49 behind the Frontier Fields cluster MACS1149, and provides a unique opportunity to study the environment of SNe at high z. We exploit the time delay between multiple images to determine the properties of the SN and its environment before, during, and after the SN exploded. We use the integral-field spectrograph MUSE on the VLT to simultaneously target all observed and model-predicted positions of SN Refsdal. We find Mg ii emission at all positions of SN Refsdal, accompanied by weak Fe ii∗ emission at two positions. The measured ratios of [O ii] to Mg ii emission of 10-20 indicate a high degree of ionization with low metallicity. Because the same high degree of ionization is found in all images, and our spatial resolution is too coarse to resolve the region of influence of SN Refsdal, we conclude that this high degree of ionization has been produced by previous SNe or a young and hot stellar population. We find no variability of the [O ii] line over a period of 57 days. This suggests that there is no variation in the [O ii] luminosity of the SN over this period, or that the SN has a small contribution to the integrated [O ii] emission over the scale resolved by our observations