We review here the scale of neutral and adaptive genetic variation of mahogany
(Swietenia spp.), one of the most valuable tree species in the world, and relate
this information directly to provenance performance, and seed transfer and sourcing
recommendations. Further, we explore a series of scientific issues directly related to
critical day-to-day management of mahogany, giving guidelines to maximise genetic
diversity outcomes in natural, remnant, sustainably harvested, and/or restored forest
landscapes. The study concludes that conservation and sustainable management of
mahogany genetic resources cannot be simply defined in terms of one-size-fits-all solutions,
and requires local community involvement to prevent illegal logging and ensure
mutual benefit. Landscape level strategies for the effective management of mahogany
trees outside of forests urgently need to be developed, together with strategies to
promote the benefits of different agroforestry practices. There is also a requirement
for conservation planners to consider that trees found outside protected areas have a
role in the conservation. In wide-ranging species, promoting international collaboration
for collecting, characterising, and conserving genetic resources is vital as international
consensus is needed to streamline phytosanitary procedures, to facilitate the exchange
of forest reproductive material, and assist genetic resource conservation efforts
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