Integrando a estrat??gia de produ????o com a Teoria das Restri????es, Lean Manufacturing e Seis Sigma: uma abordagem metodol??gica

Abstract

A literatura de estrat??gia de produ????o que discute o tema da melhoria cont??nua operacional ?? ampla e repleta de diverg??ncias e converg??ncias entre os autores. Tais conflitos est??o geralmente pautados em torno da seguinte quest??o discuss??o: qual abordagem de melhoria ou qual combina????o de abordagens gera melhor impacto na competitividade organizacional? Da mesma maneira que h?? esse conflito, observa-se tamb??m a falta de modelos isentos de vi??s e das lacunas dessa ou daquela abordagem e que tenham como foco uma vis??o sist??mica de neg??cio, a partir da estrat??gia de produ????o e das dimens??es competitivas exigidas pelo mercado. Autores como Hayes et al. (2008) afirmam que o fracasso das melhores pr??ticas ou NAOs (New Approaches to Operations) pode ser explicado pela falta de alinhamento entre a estrat??gia de neg??cios e de produ????o da empresa. Faz-se necess??rio ponderar que, os procedimentos metodol??gicos que contribuem para o rigor da investiga????o cient??fica no campo da Gest??o de Opera????es e da Engenharia de Produ????o, via de regra, n??o est??o suficientemente presentes no desenvolvimento e na estrutura dos modelos dispon??veis na literatura. Nesse sentido, visando preencher principalmente as lacunas supracitadas, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi propor um modelo integrando a estrat??gia de produ????o e a prioriza????o da melhoria cont??nua, a partir das dimens??es competitivas. O modelo sugerido discutiu, a integra????o das abordagens: Teoria das Restri????es (GOLDRATT, 1984), Lean Manufacturing (WOMACK et al., 2004) e Seis Sigma (MONTGOMERY, 2010) dentro do contexto da estrat??gia de produ????o, a partir das Unidades Estrat??gicas de Neg??cios (UENs). Visando realizar a discuss??o, a presente pesquisa adotou o seguinte delineamento de pesquisa: a revis??o sistem??tica da literatura; a valida????o com especialistas de aspectos relevantes ?? pesquisa; a combina????o de elementos qualitativos e quantitativos de coleta e an??lise de dados; e por fim adotou a l??gica do Design Research (SIMON, 1969) como m??todo de investiga????o condutor do estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram apresentar um modelo, que a partir da estrat??gia de produ????o das UENs, integra a Teoria das Restri????es, o Lean e o Seis Sigma, sugerindo uma l??gica de prioriza????o das suas pr??ticas de acordo com as dimens??es competitivas exigidas pelo mercado.The manufacturing strategy literature that discusses the theme of continuous improvement operating is wide and full of differences and similarities between the authors. This conflict is usually guided around the following question: which approach for improvement or which combination of approaches leads better impact on organizational competitiveness? Likewise there is this conflict, there is also a lack of models bias-free and shortcomings of this or that approach and that focused on a systems view of business, from production strategy and competitive dimensions required by the market. Authors such as Hayes et al. (2008) argue that the failure of best practices or NAOs (New Approaches to Operations) can be explained by the lack of alignment between business strategy and production strategy. It is necessary to consider that the methodological procedures that contribute to the rigor of scientific research in the field of Operations Management and Production Engineering, as a rule, are not sufficiently present in the development and structure of the models available in the literature. In this sense, aimed mainly filling the gaps mentioned above, the main objective of this research was to propose a model integrating production strategy and prioritization of continuous improvement, based on the competitive dimensions. The suggested model discussed the integration of approaches: Theory of Constraints (GOLDRATT, 1984), Lean Manufacturing (WOMACK et al., 2004) and Six Sigma (MONTGOMERY, 2010) within the context of manufacturing strategy, from the Strategic Units Business (SBUs). Aiming to make the discussion, this research adopted the following research design: a systematic literature review; validation with experts from relevant aspects to the study; the combination of both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis; and finally adopted Design Research (SIMON, 1969) as method of conducting the research study. The results of this research allowed to present a model, that from the production strategy of the SBU, integrated the Theory of Constraints, Lean and Six Sigma, suggesting a logic for prioritizing their practices according to the competitive dimensions required by the marke