Vliv různého zpracování půdy na výnosy a ekonomiku pěstování ozimé pšenice

Abstract

The aim of this diploma thesis was to elaborate on the analysis of wheat growing in the Czech Republic and to evaluate the influence of variant methods of soil processing winter wheat crops (that are grown after three forecrops: alfalfa, corn for silage and pea plants) on winter wheat yield and economics of growing it. Monitoring was done during the time period 1989-2014 using a longterm stationary field experiment that was conducted on clayish muck soil in a beet-growing region, (Ivanovice na Hané). After all three forecrops were planted, they were separated into four different methods of soil processing: ploughing on 0,22 m, ploughing on 0,15m, direct sowing, and loosening on depth of 0,10 m. The highest yield of winter wheat was achieved by growing it after pea crops, followed by corn for silage and the lowest yield was achieved after alfalfa. The influence of different soil processing on yield of winter wheat was statistically insignificant. The highest average yield of winter wheat was recorded after ploughing on 0,15 m, followed by ploughing on 0,22 m, and direct seeding. The lowest yield was achieved after soil loosening at a depth of 0,10 m. During the course of the experiment, the highest yield of winter wheat was recorded after the direct seeding into unprocessed soil after the pea plant forecrop. The lowest yield was recorded for direct seeding after alfalfa. In the calculation of the economic evaluation, after all three forecrops, the higher contribution to payment was made by the minimalization methods of soil processing (variants 3, 4) and lower by the methods of ploughing (variants 1, 2). On average, the highest contributions to payment were recorded as winter wheat growing after pea plants and the lowest contributions recorded after alfalfa plants. Overall, the results point to the possibility of reducing the intensity of soil processing for winter wheat grown on clayish muck soil in beet-growing region