X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the phenomenon occurring in female mammals whereby dosage compensation of
X-linked genes is obtained by transcriptional silencing of one of their two X chromosomes, randomly chosen during
early embryo development. The earliest steps of random X-inactivation, involving counting of the X chromosomes and
choice of the active and inactive X, are still not understood. To explain "counting and choice," the longstanding
hypothesis is that a molecular complex, a "blocking factor" (BF), exists. The BF is present in a single copy and can
randomly bind to just one X per cell which is protected from inactivation, as the second X is inactivated by default. In
such a picture, the missing crucial step is to explain how the molecular complex is self-assembled, why only one is
formed, and how it binds only one X. We answer these questions within the framework of a schematic Statistical
Physics model, investigated by Monte Carlo computer simulations. We show that a single complex is assembled as a
result of a thermodynamic process relying on a phase transition occurring in the system which spontaneously breaks
the symmetry between the X’s. We discuss, then, the BF interaction with X chromosomes. The thermodynamics of the
mechanism that directs the two chromosomes to opposite fates could be, thus, clarified. The insights on the selfassembling
and X binding properties of the BF are used to derive a quantitative scenario of biological implications
describing current experimental evidences on "counting and choice.
Is data on this page outdated, violates copyrights or anything else? Report the problem now and we will take corresponding actions after reviewing your request.