Molecular plasmonics explores and exploits the molecule–plasmon interactions on
metal nanostructures to harness light at the nanoscale for nanophotonic
spectroscopy and devices. With the functional molecules and polymers that change
their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external
stimuli such as electric fields and light, one can dynamically tune the
plasmonic properties for enhanced or new applications, leading to a new research
area known as active molecular plasmonics (AMP). Recent progress in molecular
design, tailored synthesis, and self-assembly has enabled a variety of scenarios
of plasmonic tuning for a broad range of AMP applications. Dimension (i.e.,
zero-, two-, and threedimensional) of the molecules on metal nanostructures has
proved to be an effective indicator for defining the specific scenarios. In this
review article, we focus on structuring the field of AMP based on the dimension
of molecules and discussing the state of the art of AMP. Our perspective on the
upcoming challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of AMP is also
included
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