Chemische Analytik von Pestiziden, PAH, PCB und Schwermetallen in Bachwasser, Sediment und Tierproben. Teilprojekt 2: Chemische Analytik Abschlussbericht

Abstract

Within the VALIMAR project for the assessment of biomarkers in small streams a huge amount of chemical analyses were performed in the two small streams, the Koersch and the Kraehenbach, in southern Germany. In the investigated stream water, heavy metals (HM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) showed slightly higher concentrations in the Koersch than in the Kraehenbach, whereas the pesticide concentrations (mainly plant protective agents) were significantly higher in the Koersch than in the Kraehenbach. Because of their similar occurrence and concentrations in the Koersch water and in the sewage treatment plant effluent it seems that most of the pesticides were introduced into the river via the sewage treatment plant. Only in the cases of terbuthylazine, triallate, chlorfenvinfos, metazachlor and mecoprop were the occurrence and concentrations in the Koersch higher so that run-off seems to be the most important mechanism for these five compounds. The sediments of the two streams clearly differed in terms of pollutant concentration. PAH, polychlorinated biphenyl's (PCB) and HM were found in slightly higher concentrations in the Koersch than in the Kraehenbach whereas pesticide concentrations were significantly higher in the Koersch. Results of each sampling varied extremely. This is due to the fact that frequent high-water situations led to a turnover and washing out of the sediment. In the sediment samples most of the detected compounds were more lipophilic than the compounds found in water. Fish samples -brown trout (Salmo trutta, f. fario) and loach (Barbatula barbatula) - were taken directly from the streams, from a stream water fed bypass exposure system and from a control system in laboratory. In the case of PAH, PCB and pesticides, concentrations were higher in animals exposed to the Koersch water than to the Kraehenbach water. HM did not differentiate between the two streams. PCB and pesticides showed higher concentrations in animals from the field, which can be explained by life-long exposure. In contrast PAH showed the lowest concentrations under field conditions. PAH were possibly displaced by other compounds of high concentration. The pesticide patterns in trout were quite similar in the different exposure types. Mainly lindane, PCP and trifluraline contributed to pattern changes. In loach larger variations in all concentrations were found but the same three compounds also contribute most to pattern changes. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F03B1152 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman