Inter-specific aggression between red grouse, ptarmigan and pheasant

Abstract

Fights or other aggressive encounters between grouse species or between grouse and pheasants have seldom been recorded. Below, I describe some encounters between red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus and ptarmigan Lagopus muta, and between red grouse and pheasants Phasianus colchicus. They throw light on inter-specific behaviour in relation to habitat