Vzaimoonošenija latentnyh antropometričeskih harakteristik i uspešnosti v basketbole

Abstract

Relacije između latentnih antropometrijskih dimenzija i dva skupa varijabli situacione uspješnosti u košarci, analizirane su na uzorku od 53studenata fakulteta za fizičku kulturu osrednje igračke kvalitete. Latentno antropometrijske karakteristike definirane su kao longitudinalna i transverzalna dimenzionalnost, potkožno masno tkivo, te voluminoznost i masa tijela. Prvi skup uspješnosti u igri predstavljale su situacione motoričke sposobnosti) preciznost ubacivanja, manipuliranje loptom, efikasnost kretanja sa i bez lopte, te snaga izbačaja lopte). Drugi skup sadržao je osam ocjena uspješnosti (ocjene tehnike, napada, obrane, stvaralaštva, odgovornosti, angažiranosti, ponašanja i opće uspješnosti u igri). Utvrđena je statistički značajna i osrednja povezanost između latentnih antropometrijskih dimenzija i situacionih motoričkih sposobnosti, postignuta prije svega zbog utjecaja steomorfne građe tijela na ispoljavanje eksplozivne snage potrebne kod izbačaja lopte te donekle na sposobnost manipuliranja loptom. Preciznost dodavanja i ubacivanja ne ovise o morfološkim karakteristikama.The influence of latent anthropometric dimensions on performance in basketball was investigated in a group of 53 students of the Faculty of Physical Education. Three sets of variables were used, of which latent morphological dimensions represented the predictive set, while situational motoric abilities and evaluations of performance were the criterial sets of variables. Latent anthropometrics characteristics were nominated as the longitudinal skeletal dimensions, transverse skeletal dimensions, subcutaneous adipose tissue and body volume and mass were calculated on the basis of 32 anthropometric variables (Hosek and Jericevic, 1982). Situational motoric abilities defined as latent dimensions isolated from a battery of 21 situational motoric tests, were nominated as (Blašković, Milanović and Matković, 1982): - precision of passing (PREĆDO) - precision of shooting (PRECUB) - manipulation with the ball (MANLOP) - efficaty of movement with and without the ball (EFKRET) - ball-throwing power (SNAIZB). The second set of criterial variables were evaluations of six independent judges who observed each subject over four matches and awarded points for the following elements of game: - technique (TEHNIK) - efficacy in attack (NAPAD) - efficacy in defence (OBRANA) - creativity (STVARA) - responsibility (ODGOVO) - commitment (ANGAZI) - behavior (PONASA) - general performance (OPCOCJ). The QCR canonical analysis of covariance (Momirovic, Dobric, Karaman, 1983) was used to determine the correlation between the sets while the stupid regression analysis, SRA (Stalec and Momirovic, 1983) was used to determine the correlation between the predictive set and each individual criterial variable. There was a moderate correlation between latent morphological dimensions and situational motoric abilities. Only one pair of quasicanonical factors had a significant quasicanonical coefficient of correlation (.59). This correlation can be attributed in the first place to the influence of stenomorphic body build on the possibility of manifesting the explosive power required to throw the ball over great distance, and partially also on the ability to manipulate the ball. The stupid regression analysis established there significant coefficients of quasimultiple correlation, between ball-throwing power, manipulating with the ball and efficacy of movement with and without the ball, respectively, and the predictive set of anthropometric dimensions. However, all anthropometric dimensions had a negative influence on efficacy of movement with and without the ball. Subcutaneous adipose tissue acts as a ballast mass in all basketball movement structures. Precision of passing and shooting were not dependent on body morphology. The only significant pair of quasicanonical factors showed a low correlation between latent anthropometric dimensions and the set of performance evaluations. The stupid regression analysis gave very low values for quasimultiple correlations, just slightly above the level of significance. The results indicate a positive effect of height and all other measures of longitudinal dimensions on the playing of basketball, and a negative influence of subcutaneous adipose tissue. It will be necessary to carry out a similar investigation on quality basketball players, using taxonomic groups of players with defined roles in the game