Education of Clerics from Bosna Srebrena at Educational Institutions in Habsburg Monarchy from 1785 until 1843

Abstract

Razdoblje 1785. - 1843. tijekom kojega je dio klerika Bosne Srebrene svoje obrazovanje stjecao u Habsburškoj Monarhiji, do danas predstavlja općeprihvaćeni ali samo djelomično znanstveno obrađeni proces. Nakon što je dugo vremena glavnim inozemnim odredištem bilo područje Italije, Josip II. je, planirajući u svoje carstvo uključiti i Bosnu, osnovao zakladu u korist obrazovanja bosanskih klerika. Spomenuto osnivanje isposlovao je apostolski vikar Augustin Botoš Okić. Stanovanje bosanskih klerika od početka je bilo povjereno franjevačkim provincijama u ugarskom dijelu Monarhije, a cijelim je procesom ravnalo Ugarsko namjesničko vijeće. Stipendiranje je od početka bilo opterećno brojnim problemima i teškoćama. Do početka 19. st. cijeli je proces zapao u krizu. Nakon početnoga odbijanja, Vijeće je prihvatilo prijedloge zagrebačkoga biskupa Maksimilijana Vrhovca koji su se kretali u dva smjera: disperziranju i dispenziranju. Pod prvim se podrazumijevalo uključivanje većega broja domaćih samostana i razbijanje bosanskih klerika u manje skupine, a pod drugim skraćivanje trajanja njihova obrazovanja fokusiranjem na one sadržaje koji će im biti korisni u pastoralnom radu. Iako je time bilo omogućeno primanje većih skupina iz Bosne, teškoćama tu nije bio kraj. Glavna je bila gubitak određenoga broja klerika. Neki među njima nastojali su izbjeći povratak u Bosnu, a neke je u tome sprječavala bolest. Ipak, najveći izazov s kojim se Bosna Srebrena suočila bila je polarizacija unutar njezinih redova. Nastaju dvije grupe prema mjestu inozemnoga obrazovanja, i ta će podjela imati velikoga premda ne i presudnoga udjela u Barišićevoj aferi, tijekom koje će doći do zabrane školovanja u Monarhiji.During the 18th century the Franciscan province of Bosna Srebrena did not comprise of adequate conditions for the education of its clerics, therefore the only option was to be sent abroad for their studies, mainly to Italy. This however didn't encompass the needs of their originating province. Within his plans directed against the Ottomans, Joseph II relied on cooperation between him and the bosnian franciscans. So he established imperial foundation in 1785 to help the clerics in their further education. The organization and supervision of this process was entrusted to the Hungarian Royal Council. Since 1795 the bishop of Zagreb, Maksimilijan Vrhovac was involved in solving many problems that occured. His idea of resolving the issues was the dispersion of clerics through larger number of monasteries and shortening the studies as well. His propositions were gradually adopted by 1814, and the whole system succesfully functioned. Bosna Srebrena was able to educate its clerics in Bosnia for part of their studies and they were given the ability to be dispensed from some subjects for which it was deemed that it was not necessary for their later work. Many of them later tried to avoid returning to Bosnia. Some of them even abandoned the Order. Others were stopped in their studies because of outbreaks of tuberculosis. During this process part of the Bosnian clerics were still studying in Italy. Due to this, in Bosnia there was the development of two groupings: „Hungarians“and „Italians“. When vicar apostolic Rafo Barišić came into conflict with Bosna Srebrena, the „Italians“ were on his side, whilst the „Hungarians“ were his opposition. Due to this situation by 1843 the whole process was halted and the last known information about clerics dates from 1847. Key words:bosnian clerics, education, study of philosophy, study of theology, Joseph II., Maksimilijan Vrhovac, Augustin Botoš Okić, Rafo Barišić, Province of St Ladislaus, Province of St John of Capistrano, Province of St Mary, Province of Holy Saviour