Relationship between appetite and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients on chronic hemodialysis

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at evaluating the association between appetite and symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and comorbidities in patients on hemodialysis (HD). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING: The study was conducted in an outpatient HD service of a tertiary level academic hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 90 patients on HD were evaluated for appetite (during the past week, how would you rate your appetite?), symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HARS]), cognitive dysfunction (Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE]), and comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relationship between appetite and symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, and comorbidities was assessed. RESULTS: In 43 patients, the appetite was very good/good (group 1), in 22, it was fair (group 2), and in 25, it was poor/very poor (group 3). Mean and median BDI were significantly higher in group 3 as well as the percentage of patients with BDI ≥16. Mean and median HARS and the percentage of patients with HARS >13 were significantly higher in group 3. MMSE was significantly lower in group 3 as well as the percentage of patients with MMSE ≤23. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a dependence of appetite by age and BDI (P = .007 and P = .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Anorexia is associated with older age and symptoms of depression in patients on HD