<p>Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) or <i>n</i> (%).</p><p><sup>a</sup> Group A (participants who did not participate in any type of physical, social, and religious activity frequently), group B (participants who participated in only one type of activity frequently), group C (participants who participated in two or three types of activity frequently).</p><p><sup>b</sup> Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and <i>x</i><sup>2</sup>-test for categorical variables.</p><p>K-IADL: Korean version of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MMSE-KC: Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination, SGDS-K: Korean version of 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of the study participants by activity participation (n = 6,647).</p
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