CEO social: análisis de la presencia y actividad en redes sociales de los directores ejecutivos de empresas

Chief executive officers have transformed into social CEOs, discovering a new avenue on social media for dialogue and interaction with their audiences. This research makes a significant contribution to the field as it aims to analyze CEOs’ presence and activity on social media. It provides a detailed comparison of the differences and similarities between CEOs of global and Latin American companies, based on the Fortune Global 500 and América Economía 500 rankings, respectively. We identified 537 social media profiles of 1,029 CEOs and studied 23,549 own and shared publications on LinkedIn, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube. CEOs have significantly increased their presence on social media in recent years, with most having active profiles but low publication volumes. LinkedIn emerges as the favored platform for CEOs. American (globally) and Brazilian (at the Latin American level) CEOs lead the pack in social networking activities. Despite some areas for improvement, CEOs have shown progress in their social media engagement compared to the publication levels observed in other studies and sectors. The article offers academics and professionals a comprehensive overview of the presence and activity of CEOs on social platforms. It also presents methodological guidelines for future research and outlines three types of social CEOs: active, moderate, and passive.Transformados em CEOs sociais, os diretores-executivos encontraram um novo espaço nas redes sociais para dialogar e interagir com seus públicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a presença e a atividade dos CEOs nas principais redes sociais e comparar as diferenças e as semelhanças entre os executivos de empresas globais e os de empresas latino-americanas, de acordo com os rankings Fortune Global 500 e América Economía 500, respectivamente. Foram identificados 537 perfis em redes sociais de 1.029 CEOs e estudadas 23.549 publicações próprias e compartilhadas no LinkedIn, no X/Twitter, no Instagram, no Facebook, no TikTok e no YouTube. Nos últimos anos, os executivos aumentaram sua presença nas mídias sociais e a maioria deles tem perfis ativos, mas com baixo volume de publicações. O LinkedIn é a plataforma favorita dos executivos. Os CEOs americanos (em âmbito global) e brasileiros (na América Latina) são os líderes em atividades nas redes sociais. Os CEOs sociais ignoram a recomendação dos especialistas e têm uma participação “muito baixa” nas redes sociais, especialmente no LinkedIn e no X/Twitter. Contudo, em comparação com os níveis de publicação alcançados em outros estudos e setores, os CEOs melhoraram seu desempenho. Este artigo oferece aos acadêmicos e aos profissionais uma visão geral abrangente e integradora da presença e da atividade dos CEOs nas plataformas sociais. Além disso, propõe diretrizes metodológicas para pesquisas futuras e descreve três tipos de CEOs sociais: ativos, moderados e passivos.Convertidos en CEO sociales, los directores ejecutivos encontraron un nuevo espacio en las redes sociales para dialogar e interactuar con sus públicos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la presencia y la actividad de los CEO en las principales redes sociales y comparar las diferencias y las similitudes entre ejecutivos de empresas globales y latinoamericanas, según los ránquines Fortune Global 500 y América Economía 500, respectivamente. Se identificaron 537 perfiles en redes sociales de un total de 1.029 directores ejecutivos y se estudiaron 23.549 publicaciones propias y compartidas en LinkedIn, X/Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok y YouTube. En los últimos años, los CEO aumentaron su presencia en redes sociales y la mayoría de ellos tienen perfiles activos, pero con volúmenes bajos de publicación. LinkedIn es la plataforma favorita de los ejecutivos. Los CEO americanos (a nivel global) y brasileños (a nivel latinoamericano) son los líderes en actividad en redes sociales. Los directores ejecutivos ignoran la recomendación de los expertos y tienen una participación “muy baja” en las redes sociales, sobre todo en LinkedIn y X/Twitter. Aunque, en comparación con los niveles de publicación alcanzados en otros estudios y sectores, los CEO mejoran su desempeño. El artículo ofrece a los académicos y profesionales un panorama general e integrador de la presencia y actividad de los CEO en plataformas sociales. Además, propone pautas metodológicas para futuras investigaciones y perfila tres tipos de CEO sociales: activos, moderados y pasivos

La deconstrucción del gineceo. Imágenes vasculares y esculturas para el estudio de las trabajadoras remuneradas griegas (ss. VI-IV A. C.)

Traditional historiography has insisted that Greek women, especially in archaic and classical times, had no paid jobs except prostitution and wet-nursing. Also, that women's movements were restricted to the gynaeceum. Through visual and written sources, we have researched many paid jobs that women carried out, directly contributing income to the family unit: saleswomen, florists, artists, tambourines, greengrocers, cloth manufacturers and a long etcetera of professions that they exercised obtaining money in exchange for their work. This paper aims to deconstruct the limits imposed by historiography on women in terms of their confinement in the gynaeceum, to bring the work they did to light, thus contributing to a more complete and real approximation of the situation of women in Greek antiquity, reappropriating a space that has always been feminine. This way we can deconstruct the traditional (and false) conception of women being restricted to the space of the gynaeceum.La historiografía tradicional ha insistido en que las mujeres griegas, especialmente en la época arcaica y clásica, no tenían acceso a un trabajo remunerado más allá de ser prostitutas o nodrizas. También en que su ámbito de movimiento era el gineceo, en el que decían que estaban recluidas. Sin embargo, a través de las fuentes visuales y escritas hemos podido rastrear una gran cantidad de trabajos remunerados que realizaron las mujeres con los que aportaron de manera directa ingresos a la unidad familiar: vendedoras, floristas, artistas, panaderas, verduleras, fabricantes de telas y un largo etcétera de profesiones que ejercieron obteniendo dinero a cambio de su trabajo. El presente trabajo pretende deconstruir los límites impuestos por la historiografía a las mujeres, supuestamente restringidas al espacio del gineceo, para visibilizar el trabajo que desempeñaban en a la antigüedad griega, contribuyendo así a realizar una aproximación más completa y real de la situación de las mujeres en la época, reapropiándonos de un espacio que siempre fue femenino. De esta forma, podremos deconstruir la concepción tradicional (y falsa) sobre las mujeres confinadas al espacio del gineceo

Associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents: a 42-country cross-sectional study

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks. Outcomes included self-rated health and life satisfaction. Regression models were used to assess the associations between the independent variables and the two outcomes, separately, after controlling for covariates. Results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of all the study participants (aged 11–15 years), 50.8% were girls. Compared with no consumption of breakfast on weekdays, eating breakfast for five days had 1.22 times greater likelihood for improved self-rated health (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19–1.25, p < 0.001). Participants who ate breakfast for both days (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36–1.46, p < 0.001) and one day (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08–1.17, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience improved self-rated health compared to never eating breakfast at weekends. Five or more days for fruit and vegetable consumption resulted in better self-rated health (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found in terms of the associations of breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption with life satisfaction. For example, a higher frequency of fruit intake was associated with enhanced self-rated health (e.g., OR for more than once daily = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.34–1.51, p < 0.001) compared to no fruit consumption. Similarly, a higher-frequency vegetable intake, such as more than once daily (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26–1.39, p < 0.001), was associated with improved self-rated health. Conclusions: Healthy eating habits, especially regular breakfast and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruit, are associated with better self-rated health and life satisfaction in school-aged children. Of note, the consumption of fruit would have the greatest impact on health and wellbeing outcomes. This study offers evidence that healthy eating habits can play a vital role in school-aged children’s health and wellbeing, highlighting the practical significance of educating adolescents to develop healthy eating habits

Complejidad socioambiental, vulnerabilidad socioecológica y urbanización: análisis exploratorio de la avalancha en San Gabriel, Jalisco, México

Contemporary socio-environmental challenges are characterized by their high complexity, resulting in increasing socio-ecological vulnerability. Therefore, in order to understand these problems, it is necessary to analyse the multiple factors that influence their origin and development. We present, from a review of secondary sources, a first analysis of the landslide of mud, debris and organic matter that occurred in June 2019 in the head of the municipality of San Gabriel, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. While this environmental disaster has been attributed primarily to the expansion of avocado cultivation, it is argued that other factors, including spontaneous urbanization, also play a significant role. Through this analysis, the underlying socio-environmental complexity that contributed to the socioecological vulnerability and ultimately triggered the landslide in San Gabriel is explored. To conclude with general reflections, highlighting the importance of approaching environmental policy management from a collaborative perspective involving all social sectors.Los desafíos socioambientales contemporáneos se caracterizan por su elevada complejidad, lo que resulta en una creciente vulnerabilidad socioecológica. Por ello, para comprender estos problemas es necesario analizar los múltiples factores que influyen en su origen y desarrollo. Presentamos, a partir de una revisión de fuentes secundarias, un primer análisis de la avalancha de lodo, residuos y materia orgánica que ocurrió en junio de 2019 en la cabecera del municipio de San Gabriel, en el estado de Jalisco, México. Si bien este desastre ambiental se ha atribuido principalmente a la expansión del cultivo de aguacate, se argumenta que otros factores, incluida la urbanización espontánea, también desempeñan un papel significativo. A través de este análisis, se explora la complejidad socioambiental subyacente que contribuyó a la vulnerabilidad socioecológica y, en última instancia, desencadenó la avalancha en San Gabriel. Se concluye con reflexiones generales, resaltando la importancia de abordar la gestión de políticas ambientales desde una perspectiva colaborativa que involucre a todos los sectores sociales.

Retos de futuro en la formación del magisterio: una mirada pedagógica

The pedagogical literature of the last decades has highlighted the importance of the work of teachers in improving learning and school performance; the proper training of teachers and teachers, consequently, has become a pedagogical challenge of the first order. In this work we want to offer a set of reflections of a pedagogical nature on some training scenarios that we consider unavoidable in future teacher training. The consolidation of the teaching-learning model by competencies, the transmission of values of citizenship and democratic coexistence, the defense of inclusion, the commitment to innovation and constant reflection on practice, the importance of teamwork, or winning the digital challenge, are some of these guidelines that we consider necessary in an adequate teacher training for the 21st century.La literatura pedagógica de las últimas décadas ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la labor del magisterio en la mejora del aprendizaje y el rendimiento escolar; la adecuada formación de maestras y maestros, en consecuencia, ha pasado a ser un desafío pedagógico de primer orden. En este trabajo queremos ofrecer un conjunto de reflexiones de carácter pedagógico sobre algunos escenarios de capacitación que consideramos ineludibles en la futura formación del magisterio. La consolidación del modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje por competencias, la transmisión de valores de ciudadanía y convivencia democrática, la defensa de la inclusión, la apuesta por la innovación y la reflexión constante de la práctica, la importancia del trabajo en equipo, o ganar el desafío digital, son algunas de estas directrices que consideramos irrenunciables en una adecuada formación del magisterio para el siglo XXI

Issues, Interactions, and Group Images as Mechanisms of Affective Polarization in Two Environmental Conflicts in Argentina

Affective polarization happens when groups develop mutual negative perceptions and feelings. This phenomenon has raised concern among journalists, opinion leaders, and academics, many of whom have related polarization to partisan politics. Previous research has relied mainly on quantitative data focused on the national-level political polarization of Western societies. In this article, we show that polarization and its negative consequences—the damage to relationships and the rise of violence—may arise after divergence with relevant issues unrelated to political positions or identities. We process trace two communities in Argentina with local environmental conflicts to show the interaction mechanisms that start with an issue difference, continue with affective polarization, and may end with escalation or depolarization. By showing the mechanisms of interaction that lead to polarization, we offer a precise and clear explanation of the process that can be tested in further research.A polarização afetiva ocorre quando determinados grupos desenvolvem percepções e sentimentos negativos mútuos. Esse fenômeno gerou preocupação entre jornalistas, formadores de opinião e acadêmicos, muitos dos quais associaram a polarização à política partidária. Pesquisas anteriores se basearam principalmente em dados quantitativos concentrados na polarização política interna nas sociedades ocidentais. Neste artigo, é demonstrado que a polarização e suas consequências negativas — danos aos relacionamentos e aumento da violência — podem surgir após divergências sobre questões relevantes não relacionadas a posições ou identidades políticas. Para isso, é realizado um rastreamento de processo em duas comunidades na Argentina com conflitos ambientais locais a fim de mostrar os mecanismos de interação que começam com uma diferença de questão, continuam com uma polarização afetiva e podem terminar com uma escalada ou despolarização. Ao mostrar os mecanismos de interação que levam à polarização, é oferecida uma explicação precisa e clara do processo a qual pode ser comprovada em pesquisas futuras.La polarización afectiva se presenta cuando ciertos grupos desarrollan percepciones y sentimientos negativos mutuos. Este fenómeno ha generado preocupación entre periodistas, líderes de opinión y académicos, muchos de los cuales han relacionado la polarización con la política partidista. Las investigaciones previas se han basado principalmente en datos cuantitativos centrados en la polarización política nacional de las sociedades occidentales. En este artículo, se evidencia que la polarización y sus consecuencias negativas —el daño de las relaciones y el aumento de la violencia— pueden surgir tras una divergencia en temas relevantes no relacionados con posiciones o identidades políticas. Para esto, se lleva a cabo un rastreo de proceso en dos comunidades en Argentina con conflictos ambientales locales a fin de mostrar los mecanismos de interacción que comienzan con una diferencia temática, continúan con una polarización afectiva y pueden terminar con una escalada o despolarización. Al mostrar los mecanismos de interacción que conducen a la polarización, se ofrece una explicación precisa y clara del proceso que se puede comprobar en futuras investigaciones

Los valores asociados a juguetes en los contenidos de canales YouTube: Estudio de caso

YouTube channels aimed at child audiences today have millions of viewers. The fact that the content of these channels is not subject to controls and are frequently created by people who are not experts in communication or early childhood education, besides the fragility of the audience, makes their review and study important. A relevant aspect to consider is the values that are transmitted, especially when the content shows game situations, a moment in which children generate positive emotions and are more easily influenced. Knowing how the brands that sell toys portray themselves in moments of child vulnerability will allow control measures to be taken. The research focuses on a case study in which the content published by the popular YouTube channel Vlad and Niki has been reviewed over a 24-month period, since its opening until the beginning of 2021. The study suggests that the frequent appearance of values such as fun, solidarity and violence, or the reinforcement of gender stereotypes in game situations, finish affecting the general content of the channel. There is also a certain connection between the different values and the categories of toys and brands, especially those that sponsor content. Recommendations are proposed with the aim of making toy companies visible within these channels in a more responsible way.Introducción: Los canales de YouTube dirigidos a un público infantil actualmente tienen audiencias millonarias. El que estos contenidos no estén sometidos a control y sean creados frecuentemente por personas no expertas en comunicación o educación infantil además de la vulnerabilidad de la audiencia hace que su revisión y estudio tenga importancia. Un aspecto relevante es el tipo de valores que son transmitidos, en especial, cuando los contenidos muestran situaciones de juego, momento en el que los niños generan emociones positivas y son más influenciables. Conocer cómo se muestran las marcas que comercializan juguetes permitirá tomar medidas de control. Metodología: La investigación realizada es un estudio de caso en el que se han revisado los contenidos publicados durante 24 meses del canal de YouTube Vlad y Niki desde su apertura hasta principios de 2021. Resultados: El estudio apunta que debido a la frecuencia de aparición de valores como la diversión, la solidaridad, la violencia o el refuerzo de los estereotipos de género en las situaciones de juego estos terminan por incidir en los contenidos generales del canal. También se encuentra una cierta conexión entre los distintos tipos de valores y las categorías de juguetes y las marcas, en especial, aquellas que patrocinan contenidos. Discusión y conclusiones: Se proponen recomendaciones con el objetivo de que las compañías jugueteras se visibilicen dentro de estos canales de forma más responsable

Barricadas antidesahucios: la coexistencia de marcos a corto y largo plazo en el movimiento por la vivienda en Facebook y Twitter

Social movements fight to change society’s roots and challenge entrenched cultural frameworks. At the same time, however, they must attend to everyday activism and protests that constitute a clear and pragmatic mobilization goal. This article analyzes the case of a movement for decent housing on social media called Platform for Those Affected by Mortgages (PAH). This organization fights to guarantee universal access to housing, a recurrent problem in large cities. It grew in 2010 when the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in the United States. The bursting of the real estate bubble built up at that time had a global impact, pushing other markets. On the one hand, the movement has to change entrenched cognitive frameworks that say property must be bought and its loss is the individual’s responsibility. On the other hand, it must coordinate and try to gather as many people as possible to stop the evictions that occur every day. Twitter seems crucial for daily mobilization in this double logic, while Facebook allows for more complex narratives. The methodology used was a framing analysis of the content published on the organization’s official Facebook and Twitter accounts. Although these should be understood as overlapping layers, the movement is often trapped in a narrative that it does not want. By highlighting specific cases, it leads to an understanding that access to housing does not affect most of society.Os movimentos sociais lutam para mudar as raízes da sociedade, para desafiar estruturas culturais arraigadas. Ao mesmo tempo, no entanto, eles precisam atender ao ativismo cotidiano, aos protestos que constituem uma meta clara e pragmática de mobilização. Neste artigo, analisa-se o caso do movimento por moradia digna chamado “Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca” nas redes sociais. Essa organização luta para garantir o acesso universal à moradia, um problema recorrente nas grandes cidades, e teve seu boom em 2010, após a eclosão da crise das hipotecas subprime nos Estados Unidos. O estouro da bolha imobiliária naquela época teve consequências globais, que acabaram afetando outros mercados. Por um lado, o movimento precisa mudar as estruturas cognitivas arraigadas que dizem que a propriedade deve ser comprada e que sua perda é uma responsabilidade individual. Por outro lado, ele deve coordenar e tentar reunir o maior número possível de pessoas para impedir os despejos que ocorrem todos os dias. Nessa lógica dupla, o Twitter parece ser crucial para a mobilização diária, enquanto o Facebook permite narrativas mais complexas. A metodologia usada consistiu em uma análise da estrutura do conteúdo publicado nas contas oficiais da organização no Facebook e no Twitter. Embora devam ser entendidas como camadas sobrepostas, o movimento muitas vezes fica preso em uma narrativa que não é a que ele deseja. Ao destacar casos específicos, é possível entender que o acesso à moradia não afeta a maioria da sociedade.Los movimientos sociales luchan por cambiar las raíces de la sociedad, por desafiar marcos culturales arraigados. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, deben atender al activismo cotidiano, a las protestas que constituyen un objetivo claro y pragmático de la movilización. Este artículo analiza el caso del movimiento por una vivienda digna denominado Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) en las redes sociales. Esta organización lucha por garantizar el acceso universal a la vivienda, un problema recurrente en las grandes ciudades, y tuvo su auge en 2010, tras estallar la crisis de las hipotecas “subprime” en Estados Unidos. La explosión de la burbuja inmobiliaria que se generó en aquel entonces tuvo consecuencias mundiales, lo que terminó afectando a otros mercados. Por un lado, el movimiento tiene que cambiar marcos cognitivos arraigados que dicen que la propiedad hay que comprarla y que su pérdida es responsabilidad individual. Por otro lado, debe coordinarse e intentar reunir al mayor número de personas posible para detener los desahucios que se producen cada día. En esta doble lógica, Twitter parece ser crucial para la movilización diaria, mientras que Facebook permite narrativas más complejas. La metodología utilizada consistió en un análisis de marcos de los contenidos publicados en las cuentas oficiales de la organización en Facebook y Twitter. Aunque deben entenderse como capas superpuestas, el movimiento a menudo se ve atrapado en una narrativa que no es la que desea. Al destacar casos concretos, se logra entender que el acceso a la vivienda no afecta a la mayor parte de la sociedad

Demanda de turistas internacionales hacia México: construcción de un modelo predictivo

This article examines the impact of international tourism in Mexico and introduces a predictive model to estimate the arrivals of international tourists for the period 2023-2025. Using monthly data provided by the Bank of Mexico (BANXICO), the Box-Jenkins method is employed, determining that an ARIMA model optimally fits the data. The results reveal notable demand patterns and emphasize the significant effect of the pandemic on tourist trends. After a marked decline during the most critical phases of the pandemic, a gradual recovery in tourist arrival figures is evident. These findings are essential for the Mexican tourism sector, offering valuable insights for planning and strategic decision-making. The suggested model can be a useful tool for tourism marketing professionals, assisting them in designing more accurate and effective strategies. Additionally, this study contributes, both empirically and methodologically, to the Mexican tourism context and has the potential to be extrapolated and applied in international settings.Este artículo examina el impacto del turismo internacional en México y presenta un modelo predictivo para estimar las llegadas de turistas internacionales durante el periodo 2023-2025. A partir de datos mensuales proporcionados por el Banco de México (BANXICO), se emplea el método Box-Jenkins, determinando que un modelo ARIMA se ajusta de manera óptima a los datos. Los resultados desvelan patrones de demanda notables y subrayan el efecto significativo de la pandemia en las tendencias turísticas. Luego de una notable disminución durante las fases más críticas de la pandemia, se evidencia una recuperación paulatina en las cifras de llegada de turistas. Estos descubrimientos son esenciales para el sector turístico mexicano, brindando insights valiosos para la planificación y decisiones estratégicas. El modelo sugerido puede ser una herramienta útil para los profesionales del marketing turístico, ayudándoles a diseñar estrategias más precisas y efectivas. Adicionalmente, este estudio contribuye, tanto desde una perspectiva empírica como metodológica, al ámbito turístico mexicano y posee el potencial de ser extrapolado y aplicado en contextos internacionale

Notes on the transnational neoconservative offensive, and brazilian participation in the “intolerance network”

This article addresses the neoconservative offensive driven by transnational links between Far-Right organisations, with emphasis on how their agenda materialised in social policies and the centrality placed on the family. From documentary research, we observed the importance of transnational links–with a nemphasis on the transatlantic Political Network for Values (PNfV)–and their repercussions on the national agenda and initiatives implemented in Brazil. Under the Bolsonaro government, with the justification of acting in defence of life from conception,and of fundamental freedoms of conscience and religion and the so-called natural family,and the rights attributed to it, experiences were shared and spread across government actions, in social policy and in various aspects of national life. An important aim of this offensive wasthe dismantling of public social policies and rights -especially the sexual and reproductive rights of women and LGBTQIA+ people, within the scope of the war against gender ideology and state interventionism-and the deepening of the neoliberal agenda